Ifa yesterday, Ifa today, Ifa tomorrow

Contemplation on the Odu Ogunda Ofun

2012-01-23T17:55:00.003+01:00

There are times when you add two things together and they come up with nothing. Then, there are moments when you add two things together and the possibilities are endless. -- marcos ifalola

Contemplations on the Odu Okanran Meji

2012-01-03T01:33:00.001+01:00

That which is seen by the eyes, is not always as it appears, but when viewed with an open heart, form takes shape . When we try and see the world for what it is, we often look but do not see. All actions and all people serve a purpose, even if it is not easily seen. -- marcos ifalola

Contemplation on the Odu Irosun Meji

2011-12-25T19:13:00.007+01:00

What works for me, may not work for you. What works for you may not work me, said the mouse as he walked past the cat who eyed him with thoughts of play and perhaps food. The mouse, realizing his peril, engaged the cat in conversation.

If you believe I am here just to serve as your play thing, said the mouse, then you have lost focus on the larger picture we all play.

The cat smiled and responded in kind, but you must realize, that although you sit here trying to distract me with thoughts and philosophical provocations, there is an inevitability that I, being larger, will make you my toy and eventually my meal. It's as simple as that.

Certainly I've given you pause though, to think about what role we serve in the greater eco system? I am not just a meal, and you are more than just the fur, flesh and fangs that make you a cat.

It is true, said the cat, but in the end, I will do as I was created to do, and fulfill my purpose. I will enjoy a few moments of chase, get bored as your wounded body slows, and consumer you...

At that very moment the cat felt a sharp sticking pain as the world quickly blurred until everything became black. And then, the hiding snake moved towards its dinner and the mouse turned and quickly scurried away wondering what odd bits he might collect for dinner that night. -- Marcos Ifalola - Contemplations on the Odu Irosun Meji

Contemplation on the Odu Oshe Otura

2011-12-21T00:51:00.000+01:00

Ifa can not be taught, it is revealed throughout our lives when, for the briefest of moments, the veil of truth is pierced and the light which escapes allow us to understand that which we did not before see. It is not about money or markets, nor about love or war, nor is it about gaining an inch or a mile, it transcends worldly desires leading us into the place where all things past, present and future exist at any given moment. Ifa is possibility and chaos, constantly rearranging and realigning. Stop begging for a solution, and instead look for the shifting patterns that will allow you to navigate the waters and find safe harbor. Ifa told me to reinitiate myself, by myself, to find my beginning in my ending and to look inward so that I might see the world for what it is, what it can be, and not be blinded by my own veil of truth… - Marcos Ifalola

Contemplation on the Odu Irosun Meji

2011-11-14T08:32:00.001+01:00

The hole that sometimes lives within our hearts can only be mended if we are willing to expose it to the elements for all to see. In hope that we might find a way to sew it up, with the help of others, who have loved and lost and lived to mend their own holes. -- marcos ifalola

Contemplation on the Odu Iwori Ofun ( Iwori Wofun )

2011-06-11T23:15:00.001+02:00

I am the breath
before you jump
I am the thought
before you land
I have not shape
nor form
but I can support the weight
of a people
I live in no house
but offer shelter
I can inspire greatness
and wreak
havoc
I stand
behind the unsuspecting
and wait for chance
to trip them
so I can catch their fall
I am
faith -- Me

Further contemplations on the Odu Osa Meji

2011-04-05T16:20:00.000+02:00

To see into the eyes of Ifa is to look upon the suffering of mankind, a condition only understood after having truly suffered. To be an Awo is to have suffered and still believe in the capacity for good. All the while, maintaining balance and clarity so as to guide others with the wisdom of the middle path. --me

Further contemplation on the Odu Ofun Meji

2011-04-04T02:37:00.002+02:00

Within all knowledge, there are hidden truths, for without understanding we believe the moon rises and falls upon the surface of a still lake and it's reflection shines upon the night sky. -- Me

Treatise on the role of Orisa priest and devotee in consulting Orisa Oracles

2011-03-26T15:20:00.000+01:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

A recent exchange made me realize that I've not really seen anyone talk about the role of the Orisa priest in consulting Orisa oracles. It seems that such an important topics usually remains in the realm of ritual, where teacher and adept talk about what hands to pick, what prayers to say and what Ebo to offer. Even less is said to the non-priest who sits on the mat to listen to what the Orisa (Ifa or Others via Ikin, Opele, or Dinlogun) have to say, and ask those important questions that must be asked.

So what then is the role of the Babalawo or Olorisha? In my mind, we have simple responsibilities, though they are not easy. We, as priests, are responsible for:

1. Being correctly initiated/ordained and trained

Ethics demand that we portray ourselves as what we are suited and capable of doing, nothing more, nothing less.

2. Knowing the correct ritual and procedure
3. Being skilled in the art of interpretation
4. Understanding that our role is not as personal advsior, but as interpreter of what the Orisa/IFA says
5. Always being impartial (that's why I always give the adherent who's consulting the oracle the option to speak their request directly to the ibo in whispers I can not hear)
6. Facilitating the process of offering Ebo in order to remove obstacles
7. Acting with Iwa Rere and Iwa Pele (cool character and cool head) and suggest others do the same
8. Helping those who need help, and when necessary for those in dire need and without funds, doing it even though your only payment is the knowledge that Orisa, Egbe, Isheshe and Olodumare have seen your act of kindness made in their names for the good of another human being
9. Not puting undue stress on the client, or pressure them into doing things that aren't appropriate or necessary.
10. Making clear that initiations are always the choice of the client, even if the Odu calls for initiations, devotees should never be pressured into initiations or ceremonies. Other than ebo, clients (and their Ori) must be fully prepared before they undertake deeper steps into the religion.
11. Maintaining ethical boundaries, don't over charge, don't take psychological, physica or sexual advantage of your clients, the list goes on, but the point is always maintain your ethical integrity.
12. Keeping your ego in check, we don't know it all, we aren't perfect, and we are not the Orisa

That all said what is the responsibility of the devotee in this process??

1. Do not ask that which you already know the answer to, or ask flippant, trivial or immoral questions
2. Support your Awo Ifa or Awo Orisa with reasonable payment, and don't claim poverty then go out and waste money on unnecessary items or services
3. If you are going to d'afa or have a dinlogun divination, expect there is a good chance you will have an Ebo to perform, and it is your responsibility to perform that Ebo (If you are given an answer to help you, don't expect to be helped if you don't perform the required steps)
4. Understand that everything told to you during D'afa or 'dinlogun divination is advice, your can take it or leave it, but it is meant to help you
5. Ask questions, but think deeply about what you want to ask, and know that the Orisa won't always give your the answer you want to hear.
6. Show respect to the Orisa and to the Awo Ifa/Awo Orisa who are assisting you
7. Don't expect quick fixes or impossible solutions. If you deal drugs, don't expect the Orisa to keep you out of jail. If you are lazy don't expect the Orisa to give you a high powered, high paying job. If you were arrested for embezzling funds, own up to your dirty deeds and don't expect the Orisa to get you out of it (though perhaps they can help you get leniency)
8. Don't follow blindly, it's ok to ask questions, priests aren't perfect, nor are we the Orisa incarnate on earth, we are people, with all the faults that people have

It is Ika Ofun that tells us:

ni dá ilë, á bá ilë læ

Ìká funfun
Ìká Òfún
A dífá fún àgbààgbà mêrindínlógún
Wôn ñ relé Ifë wôn ñ læ rèé tæræ ogbó
Àwæn lè gbó, àwæn lè tô bí Olódùmarè ti rán wæn dá Ifá sí
Wôn ni wôn á gbó, wôn á tô shùgbôn kí wôn pa ìkìlö mô
Wôn ní kí wôn má fi esúrú pe esúrú
Wôn ní kí wôn má fi esùrù pe esùrù
Wôn ní kí wôn má fi odíde pe oode
Wôn ní kí wôn má fi ewé ìrókò pe ewé oriro
Wôn ní kí wôn má fi àìmöwë bá wôn dé odò
Wôn ní kí wôn má fi àìlókò bá wôn ké hàín-hàín
Wôn ní kí wôn má gba èbùrú wælé Akálá
Wôn ní kí wôn má fi ìkoóde nu ìdí
Wôn ní kí wôn má shu sí epo
Wôn ní kí wôn má tö sí àfö
Wôn ní kí wôn má gba öpá l’ôwô afôjú
Wôn ní kí wôn má gba öpá l’ôwô ogbó
Wôn ní kí wôn má gba obìnrin ògbóni
Wôn ní kí wôn má gba obìnrin örê
Wôn ní kí wôn má sörö ìmúlë l’êhìn
Wôn ní kí wôn má sànán ìbàntê awo
Wôn délé ayé tán ohun tí wôn ní kí wôn má e ni wôn ñ e
Wôn wá bërë síí kú
Wôn fi igbe ta, wôn ní Örúnmìlà ñ pa wôn
Örúnmìlà ní òun kô l’òun ñ pa wôn
Örúnmìlà ní àìpa ìkìlö mô wæn l’ó ñ pa wôn
Àgbà re dæwô re
Àgbà mi dæwô mi
Àgbà kìí wí fún ni têlë kí ó tó kan ni

Ika Ofun

ENI DA ILE A BA ILE LO.
Those who break the trust shall suffer.

1. They (16 elders) walked to Ile Ife in order to request long life. Will we live as long as Olodumare (God) was their question to Ifa. They (the Babalawos) warned, do not call esuru ( a type of yam) esuru (Which means do not say what you do not know).
2. They warned the elders, do not call esuru (the sacred stories) Esuru. (Which means do not do rites of which you do not have the basic knowledge).
3. They warned them that odide (the parakeet) should not be called oode (murcielago). (Which means, never mislead the people. Do not send a person on a false road).
4. They warned them not to say that the leaves of the Ceiba are leaves of the Oriro tree. (Which means never deceive the people).
5. They warned them not to try to swim when they do not know how to swim. (Which means do not pretend to be wise when you are not).
6. They warned them to be humble and never be egocentric.
7. They warned them not to enter the house of AKALA (title of a chief in Ifa) with bad intentions. (Which means not to be false).
8. They warned them not to use the feathers of Ikoode (sacred parrot's feathers) to clean their bottoms. (Which means not to break Taboo/Prohibitions).
9. They warned them not to defecate in Epo (food for Ifa/Orisha). (Which means always keep the sacred instruments clean).
10. They warned them that they should not urinate in Afo (the place where palm oil is made in Yorubaland). (Which means keep the Temple clean).
11. They warned them not to take the blind man's cane. (Which means they should always respect those who are weaker and treat people well and with due respect).
12. They warned them not to take an old man's cane. (Which means to respect the Elders and treat them well).
13. They warned them not to go to bed with the wife of an Ogboni (title of a Politician/Judge). (Which means respect the moral laws).
14. They warned them never to go to bed with the wife of a friend. (Which means not to betray a friend).
15. They warned them not to be gossipers. (Which means never reveal secrets).
16. They warned them not to disrespect, or ever go to bed with the wife of a Babalawo. (Which means respect those who occupy important positions).

When the Elders arrived upon the Earth, they did exactly the things that they were forbidden to do. They began to die one after another. They screamed and accused Orunmila of assassinating them. Orunmila said that it was not him who was killing them. Orunmila said that the Elders were dying because they did not follow the Commandments Of Ifa. Your Eldership is your responsibility. My Eldership is my responsibility. Eldership does not tell a person ahead of time before it touches one.

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe
marcos Ifalola

Contemplation on the essence of D'afa and Ifa's role in life

2010-12-29T19:11:00.002+01:00

One of the great secrets of Ifa is that ... D'afa is only a momentary snapshot of one outcome in an endless string of possibilities. Ifa only shines light on the path to take, it can't take that path for you, that is up to your Ori. -- Me

Contemplations on the Odu Osa Ogunda

2010-12-27T00:34:00.003+01:00

A tribe or organization's culture is set by its leaders, who should lead by example. All things in moderation. If they indulge in too much secrecy, too much discord, too many directions and no single true north, the tribe will follow suit, and the seemingly placid river will have an undercurrent that can pull the tribe under before it realizes what happened -- Me

Contemplations on the responsibility of Ifa

2010-12-08T14:56:00.000+01:00

Ifa is not joy, nor is it suffering, but both simultaneously. Ifa is never easy. Initiation into Ifa may be a joyous celebration, but the true practitioner leaves this state quickly only to realize that Ifa is a tremendous burden. Ifa is like the yoke thrown upon an ox who plows forward hoping to make dry earth yield a crop that will nourish the soul of the world. -- me

Contemplations on the Odu Okanran Ogbe

2010-12-02T16:59:00.003+01:00

No one wants to stand up and say something smells when standing in a field of litter for fear it might get cleaned up and people might realize that they also smell for having stood there too long. -- Me Contemplation on the Odu Okanran Ogbe

Contemplations on the Odu Ogbe Irete ( Ogbe ate )

2010-11-30T21:18:00.003+01:00

Life is a story, unfolding before our eyes unable to pause even for the briefest of moments. We move in and out of a string of scenes, constantly shifting focus as we simultaneously play both lead and support to an ever changing cast of characters. Re-write, re-invent, re-initiate yourself, by yourself. -- Me

Contemplation on Osa Meji

2010-11-26T04:58:00.005+01:00

In order to move forward, we must look to the past and build upon
the knowledge of our ancestors. Passed from parent to child,
teacher to student, book to mind, nature to soul, the ancient wisdom
can guide us forward. There are no boxes without access, only
minds that fumble in the dark for a key they already possess.
We unlock our own potential only after we've freed our minds.
-- Me Contemplation on the Odu Osa Meji

Contemplations on the Odu Iwori Ogunda ( Iwori Aweda ) part III

2010-11-23T18:56:00.003+01:00

Tired of being shunned for speaking the truth, one retreats to the desolate mountain of their inner mind. In silence and quietude, the truth of life settles like snow on the branches of a tree. Only to be appreciated by the few willing to make the long journey to the inner wilderness of human existence. -- Me, Contemplation on the Odu Iwori ogunda (Iwori aweda)

Contemplations on the Odu Obara Meji

2010-11-03T18:25:00.004+01:00

The pumpkin is a metaphor we focus on too closely when considering the Ese Ifa of Obara Meji. The true message is, if we let our vanity take over, focusing on flash over substance, we miss the seemingly mundane thing (pumpkin), which can provide food for us and our family, and wealth in the form a regenerating product to be sold over and over at the market. The Orisa threw away the pumpkin because it wasn't flashy, and in doing so, flash and instant gratification clouded their judgement. This caused them to miss an opportunity, which in the long term would have put them out ahead. Obara Meji is not about not eating pumpkin, that is done simply to remind us that we shouldn't let flash overshadow substance allowing us to make smart decisions. -- Me

Contemplations on the Odu Osa Ogunda

2010-10-28T17:25:00.001+02:00

One can disappear to a remote and desolate place, and be alone, but not without the community of plants, insects and animals needed to survive. And so it is,no matter how one isolates themselves, one still needs community. Care for those around you, because tomorrow the person in need might be you. -- Me

Contemplations on the Odu Ogbe Ogunda (Ogbe Yonu)

2010-10-27T19:01:00.004+02:00

Sometimes when engaging in battle, one must perform a full frontal assault, but when waging a war, one must always chip away at the foundation of one's enemy. Eventually, without sufficient support, even the greatest fortress will fall. -- Me

Contemplation on the Odu Ogunda Meji

2010-10-23T20:34:00.000+02:00

When walking across the narrow ridge of life, which drops on either side, one finds that only a balanced load and sure footing will stop you from tumbling down and losing your way. -- Contemplation on the Odu Ogunda Meji (Ogun splits it in half)

Contemplations on Irete Ogbe (Irete untelu)

2010-10-13T16:45:00.001+02:00

The revelation of the existence of God comes from contemplation of an ant walking across the floor. It's not the act in and of itself, but the millions of years of evolution, and confluence of events that happened in order for that simple event to occur.

Further contemplations on Odu Iwori Ogunda (iwori aweda)

2010-10-09T04:19:00.002+02:00

When playing cat and mouse, it is best to not be either the cat or the mouse, but instead the person behind them sprinkling cat nip...

Contemplations on Iwori Ogunda

2010-09-28T04:06:00.002+02:00

The world is a room from which we can not escape, but if we open the windows, the light of divine grace might shine in so that we may see more clearly our surroundings, and realize that one day, the door to another world might open our minds to eternity...

YTR Ifa does NOT believe in "reinitiations", thoughts on Oba accord of miami ...

2010-07-30T22:45:00.002+02:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

First I will state, the people involved in the initiations that cause all this ruckus do NOT represent all of the YTR/Indigenous Orisa worshippers, and I can't understand why everyone thinks they do. I can only assume this event was used to further other people's political agendas, or in an act of retribution for hurt feelings. Second, it may seem ironic, but I totally agree with the lucumi that it was uneccessary for anyone to "redo" anything.

Last and most important, I will cite the Odu Ogbe Ate in it's entirety in English and Yoruba to show why Ifa (at least) says "re-initiation" is wrong:

Ogbe Ate:

Ogbe, come and be initiated in order to be comfortable
To take a hand of Ifa and then be fully initiated is the pride one has in Ifa
These were the declarations of Ifa for Orunmila
When he planned to initiate his child
Orunmila was advised to offer sacrifice
He complied
When I received a hand of Ifa
My father then performed Itelodu for me
Lack of wisdom
Lack of deep thought
These are what compel people to be initiated repeatedly on three occasions
After being initiated
The issue of Esu Odara needs to be taken seriously
Why must Esu Odara be given extra considerations?
After being initiated
We must not use a worn out twisted rope to climb a palm tree
We must not jump in the river without knowing how to swim
We must not take undue risk which may cost life
We must not snatch the wife of Awo
We must not snatch the wife of medicine man
We must not have ilicit carnal knowledge of a ritualists wife
We must not plan evil against our friends with his wife
We must not lie to our Oluwo
Any matter that had been exhaustively addresses, we must not raise it again
Orunmila was the person who initiated Akoda
He also initiated Aseda
He equally initiated Araba
Only Orunmila Agboniregun
Was the person we do not know who initiated
Now, after I have been initiated
I will complement it with self initiation
All those things that are my taboos
I will surely avoid them
I have been initiated
I will re-initiate myself, by myself...

Yoruba
Ogbe waa te k'ara o ro wa
Mo gba mo te ni iregun Ifa
Dia fun Orunmila
Baba yoo te omo re n'ifa
on ni ko sakaake, ebo ni sise
O gbe'bo, O rubo
Nigbati mo gba
Baba a mi si te mi
Ailogbon ninu
Amiero nikun

Nii mu'nii wo igbdu leemeta
Bi a ba te Ifa tan
Eese ti oro Esu Odara fi ku, Ifa?
Bi a ba te Ifa tan

A kii fi ajaku igba a gu ope
A kii be ludo lai mo we
A kii ri iku nile ka tori boo
A kii fe obinrin Awo
A kii gba aya isegun

A o gbodo mu obinrin abore wole kelekele loo fe
A o gbodo ba obinrin imule eni seke
Oluwo eni kii bi ni loro ka se
Koiko ti erin gberi mo

Orunmila lo te Akoda
O te Aseda
O te Araba
Orunmila Agbonniregun Olojo ibon
Oun nikan soso la o mo eni to tee

Nje bi a ba te mi tan
Maa tun'ra mi te
Eewo ti a ba ka fun mi
Maa gbo
Tite la te mi
Maa tun'ra mi teo
####

You notice a few things, one is this line

When I received a hand of Ifa
which affirms a version of Awofakan in YTR/Indigenous Yoruba practice

and second
Any matter that had been exhaustively addresses, we must not raise it again
Which is the Yoruba version of don't ask what you already know as the lucumi say. BUT, with the very important caveat that it must have first been "exhaustively addressed"

The rest is somewhat self explanatory... We too, do not believe in "re-initiation", For the record, so what is all this nonsense really about??

marcos ifalola

Is Pinaldo (cuchillo) necessary?? A question of lucumi theology...

2009-12-28T15:47:00.000+01:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

I recently entered into a conversation about the much talked about and controversial "Pinaldo" or "Cuchillo" ceremony of the lucumi. Here are my thoughts on the subject, one which is both difficult and important.

Pinaldo does not have an equivalent in Nigeria, though there is a professor/babalawo, with a clear lucumi agenda that has a paper that tries to assert (with many five dollar words) that there is a link from the kuanaldo (Ifa "cuchillo" ) ceremony to one in nigeria since there are some similarities to ijeshon. His agenda is clear as he tries to promote the argument about "lost" ceremonies "kept" by cubans to assert some higher level of authenticity to Cuban Lucumi practice. The link does not seem clear to me in my reading of the paper.

The story I've heard is that there was a famous santera (see david brown's work, he has names dates etc) who had a break with the existing system of the time, in which Ologun (achogun) were the only ones with authority to sacrifice. This already varies from Yoruba practice since each Orisa has their own separate priesthood, and they don't require outside priests to offer their sacrifices. That said, the Achogun had such a chokehold on the system that she decided to break away and created the pinaldo ceremony to "authorize" others to do what they did with the "knife".

It seems a very likely/credible story. I've done pinaldo lucumi, and worked in a few. It's 85% the same as kariosha. With obvious differences... I won't go into detail in this public area... Publicly though, there's a fancy table where all the santeros sit who have pinaldo (even if you're a santero, if you don't have pinaldo, you can't sit at the table) and obviously Ogun speaks for the first time through his own caracoles.

All in all, not very exciting, but just as expensive as your kariosha. I've heard all sorts of justifications like "it gives you the right to use the knife for sacrifice" (ok fine). Or, my favorite, it's a "confirmation" of your Osha... What??? You have all the Odu you were born with, if everything was done correctly, why would you need to "confirm" your Odu?? You were only born with one Odu, so all the new Ita is giving you is a more current "snapshot" of your life, with the exception of Ogun, who if he's speaking for the "first" time with caracoles, is a new Ita, and his ewoo/advice stands for life (according to lucumi theology).

I'll additionally point out there have been lots of "elder" santeros I've met who didn't have Pinaldo (usually because of cost), they seemed to be doing just fine. However, I need to point out, the Lucumi are well within their rights to create ceremonies they deem theologically necessary. Was this? perhaps yes, perhaps no... It may have been strictly political, may not have. We'll never know for sure.

The real question is, do today's priests deem it to be a theological necessity? Do they agree with ceremony's existence? Like with ALL religions, it's up to the Lucumi priesthood to decide whether this ceremony lives or dies, whether it is a necessity, or something that's outlived its purpose. The difficulty of course lies in the fact that as a decentralized religion, there is no governing body. This means that if a tradition or ceremony dies, it dies a more organic/chaotic death, not one which was deemed so by a ruling body. This of course makes the process more complex and lengthy.

We can see an example of this if we look at the whole year in white. Slowly, as the newer generations come about, there has been a relaxing, or even forgetting of the "rules" to the point where I see people who are touching during their year, use any utensils/plates to eat, some who only wear white for 3 months. I'll note here that wearing white for a year is not a part of initiation in Nigeria (though it is often worn during the ceremonies), however it was pointed out that some priests are given a mandate during their Ita to wear white always, or for a year or X period of time. This is how I believe the year in white, and many other traditions/taboos (Sango and Oshun priest's not "touching" each others "crown") got started. ie one priest passes their ewoo to their godchildren, and it propagates as general rule, instead of being specific to one person).

Some food for thought...
Aboru aboye aboshishe
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

NJ Child Endagerment and Santeria/Palo case

2009-07-13T15:51:00.002+02:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

Please take a moment to pay attention to this case that is now happening in the NJ courts. http://www.northjersey.com/news/crimeandcourts/Three_charged_in_child_endangerment.html This is a classic case of ignorance of the law, and bigotry in its application. Whether you know these people or not, like them or hate them, believe they deserve this or not, it doest NOT matter. There is a bigger picture and a larger issue at hand. If this is allowed to go through, our hard fought for 1st amendment rights are being squashed, and this already happened in the Church of lukumi babaluaye supreme court case. DO NOT stand by and let this happen, because next it might be you. Get involved! Go to the court appearances dressed in white as a show of solidarity, fight for the right to practice our religion and not be afraid they might take our children from us.

In the meantime, please sign this petition which will be sent to the court, prosecutors, mayor, senator and congresspeople.
http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/NJsanteriaendangermentcase/

Alaafia,
marcos ifalola sanchez

Contemplations on Ifa ritual, Ofun Meji and Oriki to Yemonja

2009-05-15T15:19:00.005+02:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

Sorry for the long pause, moving between continents can be time consuming... Enjoy...

Contemplation on Ifa ritual:

Ritual is devoid of meaning if one does not understand from whence it came and it's underlying theological principles. It is to say, an open act of worship is meaningless if the act is made only with intent, but no understanding of what the act means. If intent were the sole basis for giving meaning to an act, then we can say as we please caring only that we mean it in the name of worship. Ritual without understanding is like a wind blowing a leaf this way and that, it certainly moves, but where it lands is anyone's guess.

Ritual married to understanding is like a man in the desert who with compass and map in hand, can reach a desert oasis. Ifa is my compass and Odu my map, that I may find shade and water in the desert of humanity.

Ofun Meji

‘We-start-where-we-end’
Was the Awo who divined for ‘the small child who knows nothing’
When performing Esentaiye at the dawn of his life
He was told that if he sought wisdom
And did not lie, or be treacherous
Ifa would support him
He was told that in life, there are many roads,
But only the road of righteousness would lead to an end
Supported by Olodumare
And that in the end
He would return to the place he began
Next to the innumerable Irunmole in Orun

When nearing the end of his life
The Awo ‘We-start-where-we-end’
divined for ‘the small child who knows nothing’
who had become the wise elder who knew much
Ifa said he supported his Ori
And his Ori had supported him
In choosing the righteous path
And so he would return to the place he began
Next to the innumerable Irunmole in Orun
It is such that we repeat the cycle of life
Until we reach Apere (the perfect state)
Ofun Meji
Who was first
And became last
Showing that everything that begins, will end
Trading places with the end, that became a beginning
Eepa Odu

Oriki Yemoja

Ashe o Iya mi Yemoja!
Mother whose children are the fish
Who inhabit the primordial waters
Mother whose salt runs in our veins
Able to give life when ours has drained
Mother who lives in our tears
Revealing yourself in both our darkest and happiest moments
Ashe o Iya mi Yemoja!
Your curves wind like the rivers that sculpt their travels in stone
Even mountains can not stop you on your journey
There is no obstacle you can not circumvent,
Nothing that can block your way
Even the hardest and strongest
Will give way, or be overtaken
Ashe o Iya mi Yemoja!
Without you
We can not live
Without you
We can not thrive
Without you
We can not survive
Ashe o Iya mi Yemoja!
May you provide us with health
Ashe
May you provide us with wealth
Ashe
May you provide us with someone to share our lives
Ashe
May you provide us with children
Ashe
May you provide us with longevity
Ashe
May you provide us with wisdom
Ashe
May you provide us with peace
Ashe o!

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Isese (Isheshe) 2008 festival and interviews

2009-03-12T12:25:00.001+01:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

Here is a wonderul taping of the 2008 Isese day in Nigeria. Some good explanations, including the Yoruba calendar New Year! Plus several other clips of different parts of the Isese day...

second part (you'll see trad Y dobale)

Notice in the third section, Ifa, Sango, Obatala and other Orisa worshippers working in harmony on Isese day!! and a casting of Obi kola

Ase o!
Marcos Ifalola

Heretical treatise on hierarchy within the Orisa priesthood

2009-02-09T14:39:00.000+01:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

This week I was in Rome, and while sitting at a Papal audience, I began to contemplate what it means to be a priest, what it means to be “holy” and the role that initiations play in our status in our religious community and society at large.

I start this by saying that what I propose here might make sense to some, seem radical to others, and heretical to possibly a large portion of the Orisa community. That said, I feel it’s my responsibility to propose these thoughts, if nothing else, so that people might take a second to think about what it is they believe and perhaps decide for themselves whether to continue their path, or refine what it means to worship, and what roles different people play in the process of worshipping the Divine.

I should first begin by laying out my definition of Orisa priest (Olorisa or Babalawo). In my mind, after many years of study, and further 12 years now as a priest (4 as Awo Ifa), I believe the primary role of the priest is to act as an intermediary between the laity (believers who are non-priests) and the Orisa (who are ultimately our closest link to Olodumare). In that role as intermediary, it is our responsibility to open the portals of communication, be it through Oracle, trance possession or acts of nature. We must then accurately interpret those Divine messages, deliver them to those who need to receive them, and where necessary, prescribe the actions or offerings necessary to align followers with their path in life, in order to give them Ire (blessings).

We are only intermediaries, and through our initiations, our minds are opened and our abilities to act as intermediaries are awakened so that we may serve the Orisa. Initiation is, in effect, the act of submitting to the will of Olodumare.

And yet, in both traditional Yoruba Orisa worship, and Lucumi Orisa worship, priests and lay-people alike get mired in the technicalities of seniority and status, forgetting that as intermediaries it is our actions, our ethics, our knowledge and most importantly our character that truly determines our seniority and status within the religious hierarchy.

I have myself seen the pomp and circumstance given to a chief, priest or elder in Yorubaland, who would see nothing wrong in taking graft, charging the poor outrageous fees for their services, selling titles or not doing initiations properly because they know the “client” won’t return. Equally I have seen Lucumi adherents and priests quibble about who’s older, who should dobale to whom, give unnecessary expensive cleansings or initiations or argue about which priest should be praised first with a ceremony.

Who bows to whom, who is the first to speak, who one’s godparent is, who gets a “tambor” first, these are simply constructs of the ego, concerned more with the self, and self satisfaction than with acting as the intermediary between the profane and the Divine.

I go one step further in my definition to say that the idea that the priest acts as anything more than intermediary, or midwife during the process of Dosu/Kariosha is absurd. The “godparent” does not give birth, though it can be said that the Iyawo has been re-born. There is not a single moment in all of the lucumi Kariosha ceremony in which the priest spiritually or otherwise gives birth. They simply act as intermediary or midwife, by spiritually passing the Ase of the Otanes to another set of Otanes. And through ritual, prayer and sacrifice take the Iyawo through a rebirth of their own, in which their Eledaa/Ori is awakened, and the connection between Eledaa/Ori and Orisa is opened so they too may become intermediaries between non-priests and the Divine. Ifa even tells us that the idea that the godparent is essentially a “parent” is false. In a portion of the Odu Oworin Irete, where Abeshujiyan imparts three pieces of wisdom, for which he names his three hair patterns, the third he is:

“Guardianship does not equal parentage
Another person’s child cannot be like a child from one’s bowels”

“Agbabo o jo onbi
Omo olomo o lee jomo taa bi ninu eni”

Which is proven later in the Odu when Abeshujiyan is about to be sentenced to death, and his adopted child asks that his cloth be removed so that the blood from the execution he will watch does not stain it.

“Let us set him free
If this boy had been his son truly
And not an adopted child
Would he say his fathers blood should not be allowed to spill on his cloth?
Can’t we all see truly that a Guardian does not equte a parent
Another persons child can not be like a child from one’s bowels”

E mo jee ki awon o lese lorun
E je ki awon o file
Oba ni nje bob a je pe omoo re to bi nnu ni omo un
Ti kii she omo to gbawo
Se jo pee ki ejee Baba oun o mo ta si asho oun
Omo olomo o jomo eni looto

Through the wisdom of Odu, Ifa teaches us:

Initiation alone does not give one character.

Initiation alone does not give one knowledge.

Initiation alone does not give one seniority.

Initiation alone does not make one a true priest.

Ifa tells us in the Odu Iwori Meji:

Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Bi o ba te Ita tan
Ki o tun iye e re te
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi eja igba gun ope
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi aimowe wo odo
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi ibinu yo obe
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma ji kanjukanju jaye
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi warawara mkun ola
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, maseke, sodale
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma puro jaye
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma se igberaga si agba
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma so ireti nu
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma san bante Awo
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, bi o ba tefa tan
Ki o tun iye e re te o
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni

English
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
If you undergo Ifa initiation (Itelodu)
Endeavor to use your wisdom and intelligence
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not use a broken rope to climb a palm-tree
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do no enter into the river without knowing how to swim
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not draw a knife in anger
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not be in haste to enjoy your life
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not be in a hurry to acquire wealth
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not lie, do not be treacherous
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not deceive in order to enjoy your life
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not be arrogant to elders
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not lose hope
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not make love to your colleague's spouse
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, when you have been given Ifa initiation
Initiate yourself again by using your wisdom and intelligence
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you

In this, and many other Ese Ifa, we are reminded of that character, ethics, proper behavior, intelligence, and most importantly, not assuming initiation in and of itself makes the priest, are critical to understanding the role and responsibility of a priest.

By reminding us over and over throughout the Ese to “look at what affects [us]”, we are reminded of our responsibility to constantly reassess the world around us. Further, there is a reminder to those members of the priesthood who have been given special access to the wisdom of Ifa. It is our responsibility to use our wisdom and intelligence, i.e. don’t assume Ifa will provide the key simply through initiation.

Lastly, Iwori meji reminds of one of the most important yet one of the least stressed concepts for the Awo Ifa, “Initiate yourself again by using your wisdom and intelligence”, it is here where Ifa tells the Awo that initiation alone does not make you a true Awo. It’s only through reflection and contemplation of Ifa that one can achieve an understanding of the initiation one went through, and through analysis and study, self initiation (awareness of the truths of Ifa) can occur.

None of this is to say that we should not respect each other, or that certain priests are not worthy of respect and the rituals/rights that show that. But, initiation alone does not give a priest those rights, they must be earned. The attachment of the role of “parent” and the idea that the priest “gave birth” in the diaspora overemphasizes the mentor/guide role of the priest, creating cults of personality often, though not always, based on little more than performance of initiations and perhaps consultation in which they are interpreting and clarifying the advice of the Orisa for the adherent. These attachments to roles and status are ephemeral at best, and only serve to divert our attention away from the true meanings behind the role of a priest.

So what makes a priest worthy of respect and the actions associated with that respect? Length of initiation means absolutely nothing. In and of itself, how can we give seniority values to the act of initiation, when it is only an enabling act, giving one a title, and the potential to access the Divine. The Odu Eji Ogbe tells us:

We have initiated you into the secrets of Ifa
You should re-initiate yourself
This was how Eji Ogbe was initiated
But he plunged himself into the forest
We have initiated you into the secrets of Ifa
You should re-initiate yourself
If you get to the top of the palm tree
Do not let your hands loose.

Awa te o nifa o
K’o o tunra e te
Tite la t’Eji Ogbe
T’o fi m’ori wo’gbo
Awa te o nifa o
K’o o tunra e te
B’o o d’ori ope
Ma she jowo si

Eji Ogbe, the highest of Odu, went through self-initiation, even after being lead to the sacred grove (igbodu) for initiation (te’fa), he plunged himself back into the forest. This act shows that even an initiate must go back in to the grove in order to teach himself. And, even in this short stanza, Ifa reminds us that even if we reach the pinnacle of understanding and knowledge, our arrogance should take over, lest we let our hand lose and come tumbling down the palm tree.

This excerpt from the Odu Ogbe Ate also supports this idea :

…
Orunmila was the person who initiated Akoda
He also initiated Asheda
He equally initiated Araba
Only Orunmila Abonniregun
Was the person we do not know who initiated
Now, after I have been initiated
I will complement it with self-initiation
All those things that are my taboos
I will surely avoid them
I had been initiated
I will re-initiate myself, by myself...

Again Ifa reminds us not only of the need for self study and initiation only being the beginning of the road, but also another important truth, the understanding of truth, is a solitary act. While others can help guide us along the way, in the end we face truth on our own. The solitary act of insight into the true nature of life is why we must travel the final road to realization alone.

It is through the meticulous study of the rituals, methods of accessing the Divine, theology, philosophy, and Ethics and the appropriate application of those studies that one begins the long road of priesthood. Only after one can successfully access the Divine, and interpret those messages can one begin to earn the title of “Olorisa or Babalawo”.

The Odu Okanran Oturupon reminds us of our need to study in saying:

It is through constantly studying Ifa that we come to understand Ifa
It is through missing the way that we come to know the way
It is the road we have not traveled before that causes us to wander here and there

Ifa ki ko nii mu ni mo Ifa
Ona sisi nii mu ni mo ona
Ona ti a ko rin ri
Nii se ni sibasibo

How can one be considered a preist of Ifa if one does not understand Ifa? How can one understand Ifa simply by being initiated into Ifa? In order to be a priest one has to understand, and if understanding can only come through studying, how can someone who has simply undergone initiation be considered a priest? While ultimate understanding eludes us, we can only come to understand through study, and so without study, we are priests of nothing.

On Character/Ethics

There are a multitude of ese Ifa on character and ethics, but here are some that I believe stand out. In Ogbe Sooto (Ogbe Osa) Ifa says:

Ifa a Babalawo is in grave want
Let him like not
If an herbalist is in need
Let him not be dishonest
Let no one lie or display dishonesty
Because of accountability when he dies
This is the declaration of Ifa for Orunmila
When unknown people (pretenders) waged war against him
Orunmila was asked to offer sacrifice
He complied
Now all you protestors
You have all been exposed
I now know the python
Which resembles the cobra
I now recognize the rattle snake
Which looks like the boa constrictor
I can now see through Iwowo Ereke (impersonator)
Who pretends that he is Orunmila himself.

Bi oju ba npon Babalawo
Ki Babalawo ma puro
Bi oju ba npon Onishegun
Ki Onishegun ma shera
Keni ma sheke shera
Nitori ati sun awo
Difa fun Orunmila
Nijo ti eni Aimo wa nko ogun ja Baba
Won ni ki Baba rubo
Nje eni Aimo
Emi ma wa mo yin o
Emi ti mo monu-monu
To finu jo Oka
Mo ti mo Agbadu
To tinu jo Ere
Mo ti mo iwowo-Ereke
To finu jo Barapetu

Ifa here warns both layity and priests twofold . First that our ethics must be of the highest standard, and that we not lie in order to get our way as priests. It’s no matter whether that be to assert power, manipulate others for our own gain or to make money. In the end, we will be judged. But even more important, Ifa reminds us to not mistake one thing for another, and to not mistake the priest for Orunmila himself! Beware of priests who begin to mistake themselves as Orisa. In this Odu, Ifa makes it clear that the comparison may be subtle, both snakes but of different types, one may not say outright they think of themselves as Orisa, but their actions belie their true feelings. We priests are not Orisa incarnate on earth, we are humble servants, to think or act otherwise is nonsense.

What Ifa does teach us is to respect everyone regardless of status, without that respect, how can one claim the title of priest? In Osa Meji Ifa says:

The head of a person with a bad future does not swell up
No one can recognize the footprints of a madman on the road
And, no one can distinguish the head of an honorable person in an assembly of people
This was the theaching of Ifa for Mobowu
Who was the wife of Ogun
Surely, the head that will wear the crown tomorrow
No one can recognize it
Therefore, let husband and wife stop calling each other names
And stop talking foolishly to each other
For the head that will wear the crown tomorrow
No one can tell which one it will be

Ori buruku kii wu tuulu
A ki i da ese asiwere mo loju ona
A ki i m’ori oloye lawujo
A difa fun Mobowu
Ti i se obinrin Ogun
Ori ti o joba lola
Enikan o mo
Ki toko-taya o mo pe’ra
Won ni were mo
Ori ti o joba lola
Enikan o mo

Aside from reminding us that we never know when we will need help from someone, or who that will be, Ifa is clear that we also do not have foresight. The leaders, and likewise madmen, of tomorrow are not known today, so from a practical standpoint, we should treat all people respectfully.

The question of character and its affect on the priesthood is even more profoundly addressed in the Odu Ofun Otura where Ifa states:

The liar casts the Kola nut and it yields a bad omen
the commitment breaker casts the kola nut and it does not yield a good result
But the good hearted person casts the kola nut and the result is clearly promising

Eke pa bi, o di
Odale pa'bi, ko yan
Oninure pa bi, o ye peregede

Priests make a commitment to uphold and protect Orisa/Ifa and their principles, so priests who have broken this commitment when casting a tool of divination (this case kola nut, but again Ifa is metaphors, so to me, any form of divination, including Ikin Ifa or cowries) will not yield a good result. This means that the state/character of the diviner IS in fact important to the result, and affects the outcome of divination. If that is the case, how can one give seniority let alone respect to priest with no character.

Further, the prayers and action of the priest before divining are designed specifically to awaken the voice of the Orisa, if not done properly, the objects used to divine remain just that, inanimate objects and not conduits for the Divine word. It's important to remember the if consecration was the only thing that make Ikin or Dinlogun/Cowrie "speak" the priest wouldn't have to pray or do anything, simply cast and go.

These are just a few of the many ese Ifa that deal with character, pointed out to show that without character, the title of priest and respect that goes with it, are meaningless.

On Age/Wisdom

Whether the age is counted in years of initiation or years on earth, age alone does not make a priest. Though, we can certainly deduce that while age doesn’t guarantee wisdom, without age (years on earth) wisdom can’t be fully attained. This is why in Yoruba culture, years of initiation can never outweigh years on earth, so it would be absurd to see a 45 year old dobale/kunle to a 20 year old, regardless of their years as a priest. Also of note though, is that years on earth and “eldership” does not guarantee character (or wisdom for that matter. The Odu Ogbe Iwori says:

Bad conduct is what is attributed to youth
Bad character is what is attributed to elders

Ishekushe l’ewe le she
Iwa ihukuhu ni ti agbalagba

Ifa explains that in our youth, when we do something bad, the action comes from not knowing better. As an elder, life should teach us to know better, so when we do something bad, life should have already taught us so, and therefore it must come from bad character. Without character, eldership means nothing, regardless of how you measure that time.

Eldership further does not mean that one holds no responsibility to help those that are junior, which is yet another show of true character. Eldership is retained by remembering one’s status, and helping those at a different level, whether it’s age or mental ability. The Odu Oyekun Meji reminds of this by stating:

A child is not tall enough to stretch his hand and reach the high shelf
An adults hands can not enter the mouth of a gourd
The work an adult begs a child to do
Let him not refuse to do
We all have work to do for each others good
Ifa divination was performed for Orunmila
About whom his devotee
Would make complaint to Olodumare
Olodumare then sent for Orunmila
To explain the reason why
He did not support his devotee
When Orunmila got to the presence of Olodumare
He explained that he had done all in his power for his devotee
But that the destiny chosen by the devotee made his efforts fruitless
It was then that the matter
Became quite clear to Olodumare
And he was happy
That he did not pronounce his judgment on the evidence of only one of the two parties.

Owo ewe o to pepe
Ti agbalagba o wo akeregbe
Ishe ewe be agba
Ki o ma she ko mo
Gbogboo wa ni a nishe a jo mbe 'raa wa
A dia fun Orunmila
Eyi ti akapoo re
O pe lejo lodo Olodumare
Olodumaree waa rannshe si Orunmila
Pe ki o waa so idi naa
Ti ko fi gbe akapoo re
Nigba ti Orunmila de iwaju Olodumare
O ni oun sa gbogbo agbara oun fun akapo
O ni Ipin akapo ni o gbo
nigba naa ni oro naa
Too waa ye Olodumare yekeyeke
Inuu re si dun
Pe oun ko da ejo eekun kan

Additionally, this Odu reminds us that eldership is attained and kept by being just and wise. Olodumare seeing two juniors (Orunmila and his devotee) was wise in waiting to hear both sides of the story before pronouncing judgement. This allowed him to realize that not all was as one person might have it seem, and so rendered just judgement.

Ifa tells us in Orangun Meji (Ofun Meji) the eldest of Odu that became the junior of Odu upon descending to earth:

He who breaks a Kola nut (with 4 valves) will eat two valves
An avaricious elder is he who eats three valves
After eating three valves
He carries his load unaided and proceeds on this way
These were the declaration of Ifa to the person at the forefront (the senior/leader)
Who shall later become the person at the very rear (the junior/follower)
He was advised to offer sacrifice
He refused to comply
It is their lack of propriety in manners
It is their lack of diplomacy
The person at the forefront
Had turned into the person at the very rear
It is their lack of propriety and manners

Onpabi nii j’eji
Agba okanjuwa a j’eta
To ba j’eta tan
A gn’eru u re a yaa lo
Dia fun Eni iwaju
Ti yoo deni ikeyin
Ebo ni won ni ko waa she
O koti ogbonhin sebo
Nje aimowa a hu u won ni o
Ai mede e pe e won ni o
Ara iwaji o, lo deni ikeyin
Aimowaa hu u won ni o

Even an elder and leader can lose their status for lack of character, as told my Ifa in Orangun Meji.

On Mentorship

It is the role of the priest to act as mentor and advisor to the devotee, but these are not things which come easily, quickly, or instantly upon initiation. In Otura-Elejin (Otura Ogbe) Ifa tells us:

A child studies Ifa with labor and suffering
When he grows up
He will reap all the rewards
This was the declaration of Ifa to Otura
When he would dip his hand into the boat of success
I dip my hands into the boat
And I pull out all good things of life
When Otura dipped his hand into the boar
He became successful from his sojourn to his home
I dip my hands into the boat
And I pull out all the good things of life

Tishe tiya lomode kekere fi n ko’Fa
Bo ba dagba tan
Nii ri ere e ee je o
Diafun Otura
Ti yoo towo b’ili ni Ishaga
Mo towo b’oko
Mo fa’hun rere yo o
Igba Otura t’owo b’oko
Lo la wale
Mo t’owo b’oko
Mo fa’hun rere yo o

In the story of Orunmila’s creation of the system of Divining Ifa, we are told:

…
Ifa, you are the leader
I am the follower
The leader is he who teaches the follower wisdom
You are the one who teaches one
Just as one’s sibling…

Ifa, iwo lara iwaju
Emi ni ero eyin
Ara iwaju nii ko ero eyin logbon
Iwo loo ko’mo loran

It is as leaders that Ifa wants us to teach Ifa’s followers wisdom, and so without wisdom, character and scholarship how can we accomplish this? If we do not study, we do not show character, we do not show leadership how can we truly call ourselves priests, let alone demand respect and senior status?

I’ll end this with on the somber note created by a stanza from the Odu Eji Ogbe

A o t'okun dokun
ka too ri winni-winni agbe
A o tosa dosa
Ka too ri doodo orun Aluko
A baa t'okun dokun
Ki a tosa dosa
Ka too ri oloooto Awo
Odi Ile-Ifa Akelubeke
Dia fun Igbin
O n'sawo lo sode Ileyo
O wa mekun sekun igbe
O mohun seyere aro
O ni: Eniyan an won o
Eniyan an soro
Ka too ri olooto Awo
Ona a jin

Translation:
We shall travel from ocean to ocean
Before we can see the tiny specie of the Blue Touraco
We shall wind from river to river
Before we can see the specie of Maroon Touraco with goiter on their necks
Whether we travel from ocean to ocean
and from there wend river to river
Before we can find a truthful Babalawo
We shall reach Ile-Ife Akelubebe
That is the declaration of the oracle of Igbin (snail)
When going to Ileyo town to practice Ifa
He made his weeping a shouting lamentation
He made his song a dirge of lamentation
He said: Human beings (truthful ones) are scarce
Human beings are difficult
Before we can find a truthful Babalawo
We shall travel far

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe
Marcos Ifalola

Iyanifa, an Ode Remo perspective...

2009-01-14T17:04:00.006+01:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

Clearly one of the "hot" topics in the Ifa community both Traditional Yoruba and Lucumi, is the topic of Iyanifa. Lucumi do not accept this as a legitimate initiation, and in Nigeria, some do not accept it, and some do (though those that do all agree that Iyanifa do not "see" Odu). My Oluwo's wife is an Iyanifa, she doesn't divine, but is very active in Ifa, Ogboni, and ROF. So, in my lineage, we accept the place of an Iyanifa (though again please note, Iyanifa do not see Odu).

In this article, I am not posting my own personal views but felt these series of 10 interviews would be interesting and important to the discussion. Below are some videos on the topic of Iyanifa from Ode Remo, Nigeria, where apparently the initiation of Iyanifa is rejected. Interviews apparently conducted by Russian adherents of different personages in Nigeria including the araba of Ode Remo and others. If nothing else, this reinforces the very clear notion that Ifa and Orisa practice, even in Nigeria, are not as singular as we sometimes want to think in the diaspora. Regional variation in ritual, theology and emphasis occur, and need to be accepted.

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Letra del Año / Odun Ifa what and why?

2009-01-01T16:46:00.006+01:00

Aboru, Aboye, Aboshishe

It's the time of year when we see much of the Lucumi world alight with the question, "Do you know what the Letra of the year is?" and "is that the one from Cuba? or Puerto Rico? and which part of Cuba?". This ultimately leads people to ask me time and again, two very important questions:

Why is the letra del Año de Ifa Lucumi at a different time then the traditional Yoruba Odun Ifa?

Which "letra" is the one I should follow?

To answer the first question, fundamentally, the letra del Año de Ifa Lucumi and the traditional Yoruba Odun Ifa are essentially the same ceremonies, though there are some differences which have no significant bearing on the questions posed. They are meant to offer sacrifice to Ifa, and to seek Ifa's guidance over the coming new year. But why then are they at different times?

To start with, let's talk about Odun Ifa in traditional Yoruba Ifa. In my Ile, we do the Odun Ifa usually in August, though the day isn't exact, and can vary from year to year. Typically, although not exclusively, Odun Ifa coincides with the new yam festival (first harvest of the yam, an important staple in the Yoruba diet) and due to the nature of agriculture, is not on a fixed day. As with many cultures, the first yam is given to the Gods/Orisas as an offering, asking that the yield be plenty and that the coming year offer the community health, wealth, ample food, and other blessings. In this light, as followers of Ifa, we ask the same. Additionally, since there are poisonous tubers, some contend that the offerings are made to ensure that Ifa protect people from the consumption of such tubers.

The Odu Ogbe Ate (Ogbe Irete) tells us:

Correctness is the essence of true ritual
Those who, accepting this teaching
Offer libation first to Mother Earth
And then to lips
Sail though life over smooth calm waters
Was divined for Kufodo, he who serves liquor in pitchers

Ka ta a'le
Ka ta e enu
Otara-tara ni ishon odo
Dia fun Kufodo
Omo Oloti ape

From this Ifa tells us to always make offerings to mother earth, because she is the one who feeds us (entering through our lips). This is why the new Yam festival is so important, and why Ifa's guidance is always sought in the new year.

As to the Lucumi doing their Odun Ifa on the new year, no one will know for sure, but I suspect (since slavery was an enourmous factor), it was likely that it was impossible for the slaves to get away for even a moment during "harvest" time, as this is when they were probably worked the hardest. Further, as the slave owners celebrated the new year, and there was likely not much work done, it was probably a convenient time, and further, represented the "new year" of the culture which was forced upon them. I'm sure there are many theories, this being only one, but many of the sentiments are the same, celebration of a new year to come, and hopes of peace, health, prosperity etc.

With regards to the second question, "Who's 'letra' should I follow?" the spread out nature of worshippers in today's world complicates things a bit. Odun Ifa are traditionally done for the community, but not what we think of as "community", which has extended itself across the globe based on technological advances. It is the physical community in which one lives, works, grows old, etc. and this is an important distinction.

In an older post I spoke about "distance divination" and the importance of physical presence in Ifa divination, I belive this to hold true in the Odun Ifa. The prognostications of Ifa are meant for the people who are a part of the community that is performing the rite. This is a complication highlighted by globalization and the spreading of Ifa across the globe. But it's important to note that even in Nigeria, there is no "ONE" magic Odun Ifa (letra) for all of Nigeria. Odun Ifa is performed across Nigeria, and even at different times for different communities.

I believe that the desire to feel community and connection has caused many people to look to Cuba or Puerto Rico to provide their guidance, but I don't think that Ifa intended it that way, and Odu don't necessarily cross oceans or land masses. There are exceptions of course. For instance, I am aware of my Oluwo's Odun Ifa, and listen to the advice that comes from it, but that is because my Ifa was born from his, and I and my house are spiritually connected. That said, if some day my community becomes large enough, I will begin to perform my own Odun Ifa, and as soon as I do, the Odu/advice from my Odun Ifa will be the only one that is of consequence to me and my community.

So certainly if your initiations happened directly in a particular community, it makes spiritual sense to draw import from the advice of their Odun Ifa, even if you have large physical distances. However, if you don't, that advice is not meant for you. Just as you wouldn't take the advice given to someone else during their private d'afa as meant for you (unless you came up specifically by name in that person's reading).

I believe it is important that people create better communities, and begin the process of performing their own Odun Ifa (with the proper training in whichever tradition they follow), so that Ifa can accurately and appropriately guide his followers each new year.

In Osa Ogunda Ifa says:

The anthill is the place of deliberations of the eerun ants.
Asuwa, a grouping together in harmony, is the place of deliberations of human beings.
It was through the principle of grouping together, that the earth was created.
It was through the principle of grouping together, that heaven was created.
And it was in the form of collectivities that beings descended on earth.
All inclusive was the grouping together when beings were first created.
All embracing was the grouping together when beings were completed.
Formed into collectivities were beings, when they rained down on earth.
All goodness became a grouping together in harmony.
The grouping together of the strands of hair covered the head.
The grouping together of hairs on the chin became an object of attention.
The grouping together of trees became a forest.
The grouping together of the eruwa grasses became a savannah.
The grouping together of beehives hold up the roof of the house.
And the grouping together of the Ita ants led to their covering the earth.
Alasuwada, Great Being who creates all beings in groups, we ask you humbly,
That you grant us things gathered in groups
So that they bring together all things good for us.
Bees for swarms
Eeran plants grow together on the farm.
Brooms are formed from bundles of twigs.
Eeran grass grows in bunches on the plains.
And the elegiri birds form flocks

It is as a grouping together that we encounter the grassland
It is as swarms that the locusts consume the farm
It is in several colonies that we find termites in their mounds
It is in groves that we encounter the ekunkun trees on the water's edge
It is in clusters we find oore grass at the riverside
It is in schools that we find egbele fish in the ocean
It is in groups we encounter the dragon fly
And the adosusu leaf is never found alone

Dews pouring lightly, pouring lightly
Were used to create the world
And likewise was done to create the earth.
So that goodness of togetherness could come forth at once.
Indeed all goodness took the form of a gathering together in harmony.

Now, if one Ori encounters good,
It will spread out and touch two hundred
If my Ori is good
It will spread out and touch you
And if your Ori is good,
It will spread out and touch me
For if just one Ori experiences good
It will spread out and touch two hundred.

Asuwa ni toyin
Asuwa leeran nhu ninu oko
Asuwa ni to susu owo
Asuwa leeran nhu ninu aare
Asuwa ni ti elegiri

Asuwa laa bodan
Asuwa lesu nfiijoko
Asuwa opo suu laa ba ikan inu ogan
Asuwa laa ba ekunkun let omi
Asuwa oore lodo
Asuwa laa ba lanilani
Asuwa laa beja egbele lokun
Ewe adosusu kii duro loun nikan

Iri tu wili, tu wili
Lfi dale aye
la bu da ile
kire susu ko wa su piripiri
ire gbogbo d'asuma

Nje, bori kan ba sunwon
A ran igba
Ori mi to suwon
lo ran yin
Ori yin to sunwon
Lo ran mi
Bori kan ba sunwon
A ran igba

Certainly Ifa believes that all beings need to be in groups to survive, that was how they were created, a community. Which means, we are not only responsible to ourselves, but to the group that allows us to survive in the world. So we hold together our community and offer sacrifice during Odun ifa...

Aboru, aboye, aboshishe
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Contemplation, meditation and the Ifa in our everyday lives...

2008-12-18T20:48:00.010+01:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

I was recently approached by a reader and asked to speak about how Orisa/Ifa fit in our everyday lives, as opposed to being a milestone practitioner (next reading, next ileke, next initiation) or someone who only practices on the holidays (tambors, Orisa feast days, priest "birthdays").

Religion is often the place where we seek refuge from our worries and problems, seeking answers to questions or solutions to situations that confront us. Through divine intervention or inspiration, we hope to overcome these issues. But what happens when we are not in need? Most often, religion is forgotten, or it's role in our daily life downplayed as we are consumed with the trials of daily survival. This is where most people become milestone or holiday practitioners.

But is that what Ifa is? A solution to a problem to be placed on a shelf consulted only when we are in need?

No.

Ifa certainly is a solution, and can help us in our times of need, but even more then that, Ifa is a way of life. By studying Ifa we can gain wisdom and insight into all the inner workings of ourselves and the world around us. In the Odu Eji Ogbe, Ifa tells us:

At the beginning of a new dawn
One must not perpetrate yesterday's ignorance
Divined for Koimọ (I-do-not-know)
Who went to sleep thinking of the previous day's challenges
At the crack of the next day
Clarity came into Koimọ's visions.

Bi ojumọ ba mọ
A kii ya ogberi bi ọjọ ana
Difa fun Koimọ
Ti nro'nu bi oun ti ma ṣe ohun ti o ṣẹlẹ ni ana si
O ronu titi, ti o sun
Ni igbati oju mọ, ti oye la
Koimọ wa mọ eyi to oun o ṣe dandan

Ifa is a contemplative practice, it's only through thought and examination that we can consistently overcome our challenges. By studying the wisdom of Ifa, we can certainly overcome our daily challenges and lead an easier and more properous life. Ifa is a daily pursuit, not one saved for feast days and times of need. In the Odu Oturupon Owonrin Ifa says:

Ifa says that whenever we wake up
We must be teaching each other wisdom
We must not wake up at dawn and then lay the foundation of foolishness
Whatever the matter which we deliberated upon, but could not arrive at a satisfactory solution
Then we are to approach our Ikin
These were the declarations of Ifa to Paraka, the masquerade with brilliantly colored costume
When going to engage in a complex but marvelous dancing display at the seat of the Odan shade tree

Ifa ni ti a ba ji
Ogbon ni ka maa ko'raa wa
Ka ma jii ni kutukutu pile e were
Oro ti a ba ro ti ko ba gun
Ikin eni laa kee si
Dia fun Paraka, alawoo winniwinnin
Nijo to nlo ree jij alaranbara labe Odan...

Ifa reminds us not only that we should constantly be seeking the truth, and sharing that wisdom with others, but that Ifa is not meant to supplant our own minds/wills. If we have a question, we should first try and solve it ourselves, and only after our own careful evaluation, if we can not come to a solution, do we approach Ifa for answers. Ifa is a contemplative practice.

Going one step further, Ifa teaches us that we should strive daily to reach balance, and only through balance and meditation, can we achieve thoughtfulness and enlightenment. Ifa asks that we meditate on a daily basis, through contemplation and prayer, and in those moments, we become closer not only to Ifa and God, but also to our own truth and path. In the Odu Otura Irete Ifa says:

Reconstruct yourself
If we are given birth, we should bring ourselves into being again
The Balanced person. The moderate person.
One who knows moderation will not fall into disgrace
I ask, "who knows moderation?"
Orunmila says, "one who does not squander money"
I ask, "who knows moderation?"
Orunmila says, "one who dares not steal"
I ask, "who knows moderation?"
Orunmila says, "one who does not owe excessive debts"
I ask, "who knows moderation?"
Orunmila says, "one who does not drink liquor"
One who does not break commitments to a friend
One who wakes early in the morning, meditates, and thinks deeply about one's actions
From among the thorns and thistles, the palm leaf emerges pointing upward
A balanced person is an ameso, one who is truly thoughtful in conduct.

Tun ra re te
Bi a bi ni, aa tun ra eni bi
Amuwon Amuwon
Eni mo iwon kii te
Emi ni tani mo won?
Orunmila ni eniti nsise
Emi ni tani mo won?
Orunmila ni eniti kii nawo owo re tan
Emi ni tani mo won?
Orunmila ni eniti ko je jale
Emi ni tani mo won?
Orunmila ni eniti kii je gbese rekoja
Emi ni tani mo won?
Orunmila ni eniti kii mu oti
Eniti ko je dale ore
Ojikutukutu banu ara re siro nitori ise re
Ninu egun niny iso mariwo ope yo ri soke
Amuwon ni ameso

Meditation is a little explored idea in the diaspora Orisa traditions, however it is a long standing practice in Ifa. Iyere Ifa (Ifa poetry) is a form of meditation, where especially long stanzas are chanted and create altered state of calm. Furthermore, prayer is meant to be a form of meditation, allowing us to contemplate our life and the wisdom/lessons of Ifa (see my 2 articles on prayer #1 here and #2 here).

In parting, I'll leave you with an excerpt from the Odu Owonrin Ogunda where Ifa says:

I wake up
I behave as Ifa tells me
I am full of wisdom
It is the footsteps of my Ope that I am following
I bemoan my precarious condition
Yet I will not consult an idiot in his house
What Ifa tells me
Is what I would always do
Cast divination for the Truth
Their priest on earth
He was asked to perform sacrifice
Truth offered the sacrifice...
(Life pleases Truth)

Mo ji
TIfaa mi ni mon se
Mo moran moran
Topee mi ni mo n to leyin
Mo ko gbongan gbongan gbongan
N o nile Oniyeyee de
N tIfa ba wi fun mi
Ni n o moo se
A diafun Ooto
Awo Ile aye
Won ni ki won o rubo
Ooto ba rubo...

We practice Ifa everyday we spend time contemplating life.
Aboru aboye aboshishe
Odabo
Marcos Ifalola

Oriki Ori

2008-12-08T10:37:00.005+01:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

As I've mentioned in the past, Oriki are praise poetry used when greeting Orisa, Egun, etc (see my Oriki Orunmila). Here is another Oriki written by me which you can feel free to use when praising your own Ori.

Oriki Ori:

Ori o,

When I look for my path, it is you who walks beside me

may we walk in harmony and not stumble upon each others feet

When I am in my darkest hour, it is you who shine a light

may our depths of sorrow always be matched by heights of joy

When I am lost and without direction, it is you who takes my hand

may wisdom reign in the kingdom of our soul

When I am alone in the darkness I ask

my Ori, what are you?

you are the other reality inside

you are the owner of righteous intuition

you are my power to observe, reason and inspire

you are my one real identity

you are me

Ori o

bless your omo

Ase o

By Awo Marcos Ifalola Sanchez
Aboru Aboye Aboshishe

Does d'afa (Ifa divination) lie?

2008-10-13T12:24:00.008+02:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

I've been asked many times if Ifa "lies" or is incorrect. So many times, that I decided to post my thoughts on the subject. The first part of this answer lies in understand two concepts, one that Ifa is by nature transient, ie it is a constantly changing thing. And when you go for Ifa divination, the Odu Ifa that appears for you is not "permanent" (with the exception of "Ita" of Dosu/Kariosha and your Odu Ifa in itelodu). So while an energy of an Odu may cover you during a certain period of time, that period is finite, and can last as little as weeks, to as long as a few months. But, no matter what, it eventually changes.

The second concept to understand is the role that your "Ori" plays in this process. Just because Ifa tells you what to do, it doesn't mean your Ori will decide to do the right thing. We see clearly, Ori must choose to do sacrifice in order to attain good effects in the odu Irete Ofun:

Atefun-tefun
Dia fun Okanlenirino Irunmole
Won nlo sode Apere
Atefun-tefun eyin oni
Awo Ori lo dia fun Ori
Ori nlo sode Apere
Won ni ki won sakaale ebo ni sise
Ori nikan0nikan ni nbe leyin ti nsebo
Ebo Ori waa da ladaju
Nje Ori gbona j'Orisa
Ori ma gbona j'Orisa
Ori nikan-nikan lo ko won l'Apeere
Ko si Orisa to to nii gbe
Leyin Ori eni
Ori gbona j'Orisa

He who prints the chalk on the back of crocodile
He was the Awo who cast Ifa for the 401 Irunmole
When going to Apere (a state of perfection)
He who prints the chalk on the back of crocodile
The Awo of Ori who cast Ifa for Ori
When Ori was going to Apere
They were all advised to offer sacrifice
Only Ori responded by offering the sacrifice
The sacrifice of Ori had been abundantly rewarded
Ori is higher then all Orisa (deities)
It is only Ori which reaches Apere, the perfect state
No other Orisa (deity) can give support
Outside of one's Ori
Ori is higher then all Orisa (deities)

Without Ori acting in accordance to what Ifa asks, in this case making sacrifice, it can not be abundantly rewarded. In the case of D'afa (Ifa divination), the reward can be anything from avoidance of ills, to literal rewards, to simply having peace. The important thing is that your Ori (ie you) chooses to perform sacrifice. So, Ori has the ultimate decision in whether what Ifa says will come to pass, and can affect the outcome of even those things that Ifa seems to guarantee. Our Ori can be the greatest obstacle in the way to finding our own path.

The second part has to do with seeming contradictions in what Ifa says. It may seem at the time of divination that Ifa is saying something far fetched, or even completely contradictory, but over time with hindsight, we might realize that Ifa was actually correct. In a personal example, I asked Ifa if it would be ok to have someone housesit our house, Ifa said no. However there was a particular person who asked enthusiastically if they could watch our place, so I decided to ask Ifa and Ifa said yes to that person watching our place. It seemed like a contradiction to me at the time and I was confused, thinking perhaps it was dumb of me to ask the question. Having heard Ifa, I told the person yes. Well, low and behold, one week before we left, the person called me telling me they would be unable to watch our place afterall. The seeming contradiction had worked itself out to be truth. No one watched out place. Sometimes, it takes a bit of time to see things as clearly as Ifa does.

The third part of the answer comes from a more obscure and less talked about idea, that of the character and training of the priest (be in a Babalawo with Ifa or Olorisa with dinlogun). It is not spoken of, but an untrained priest can in fact incorrectly cast Odu, meaning just because it's cast, doesn't make it right. An improperly initiated priest can also have improperly consecrated/unconsecrated Ikin, meaning just because it's Ikin, doesn't mean it will automatically access Ifa. The Odu Ofun Otura says:

Eke pa bi, o di
Odale pa'bi, ko yan
Oninure pa bi, o ye peregede

The liar casts the Kola nut and it yields a bad omen
the commitment breaker casts the kola nut and it does not yield a good result
But the good hearted person casts the kola nut and the result is clearly promising

The layers of richness of this small Odu are many. First, Awos make a commitment when initiating Ifa to uphold and protect Ifa and the principles of Ifa, so Awos who have broken this commitment when casting of a tool of divination (this case kola nut, but again Ifa is metaphors, so to me, any form of divination, including Ikin Ifa) will not yield a good result. This Odu tells us that the the state/character of the diviner IS in fact important to the result, and affects the outcome of d'afa.

Secondly, it show us, that in the wrong hands, the tools of Divining can yield bad results. For even though they are not talking about Ikin, do we not use Kola Nut to give voice to Ifa? Yes! Further, the prayers and action of the Awo before casting Ikin are designed specifically to awaken the voice of Ifa through the Ikin, if not done properly, the ikin remain ikin, and not the voice of Ifa. It's important to remember the if consecration was the only thing that make Ikin or Dinlogun/Cowrie "speak" the priest wouldn't have to pray or do anything, simply cast and go...

Simple verse ... most profound truths ...

Aboru aboye aboshishe,
Odabo
Marcos Ifalola

The path of initiation in Ifa: Lucumi and Traditional Yoruba

2008-07-29T16:28:00.003+02:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

After a few conversations including a longer one with my Oluwo in Nigeria, I thought that it would be quite useful to post my understanding of the processes of initiation into Ifa for both Lucumi/santeria Ifa practitioners and traditional Yoruba Ifa practitioners. I'm not doing this to say that one is right, and one is wrong. They are their own interpretations of Ifa, and while they agree on many things, this particular area of ritual/theology, they differ quite a bit.

For Lucumi practitioners, the process goes like this. One can be introduced to Ifa through their "madrina/padrino" if they have ilekes first, or they can go directly to a Babalawo, if they are not yet affiliated with a house. Having a divination session is something every Lucumi practitioner that works with Ifa eventual does, with varying degrees of frequency. Everyone, at some point, who is associated with lucumi Ifa can and should receive Ifa via Awofakan (ceremony for men) or Ikofa (ceremony for women). For women, Ikofa gives them their birth Odu, and can dictate only one more potential initiation, that of Apetebii (wife of Orunmila). Becoming an Apetebii is however, a requirement for any women who is the wife of a Babalawo.

For men, Awofakan (owo ifa kan-one hand of Ifa), gives them their birth Odu, unless it is determined they have an Odu which destines them for the priesthood of Ifa. If this is the case, and they observes the taboos of Ifa for his priests, he would do his Itefa (Ifa initiation) during which he receives his true birth Odu and Odu of priesthood (which he uses to identify himself). Of course having an Odu for the priesthood comes with responsibility, please see my article on this for further information: http://ifalola.blogspot.com/2008/06/on-having-right-odu-for-priesthood.html

I will also mention here that during Ikofa or Awofakan, it is perfectly acceptable to determine a person's "guardian Orisa", instead of having a separate "plante" to do this. In lucumi Ifa, homosexuals are forbidden from the Ifa priesthood, as are women. I don't say this to get into a debate about it, it's simply religious law, but it does not forbid either from going to Ifa for divination, help or Awofakan/Ikofa.

In traditional Yoruba Ifa practice, Ifa worship begin dramatically earlier. Everyone who comes from an Ifa worshipping family should first do their Ese'ntaye 7 days after birth, (like I just did for my son). Ese'ntaye [meaning "stepping on the earth"] acts as a guide for your early life, revealing personality, direction on what they will do, and Ewoo (taboo) for the child, as well as their Ifa name.

This is where traditional Yoruba Ifa varies from Lucumi Ifa. In traditional Yoruba Ifa, all men who can/have the resources, should Te'Fa, or Itefa (initiate Ifa, like the lucumi) either either in the Itelegan style (where the man does not see Odu the mythical wife of Ifa, not done in the Lucumi system) or Itelodu (where the man does see Odu, equivalent to Lucumi initiation into the Ifa priesthood). However, if they do not have the resources they should Ishefa (this is the traditional Yoruba equivalent to the Lucumi Awofakan-owo ifa kan). If they took the second route and only did their Ishefa, they may receive an Odu in Ishefa that says it's compulsory that they do their Itefa (similar to the cuban system) in which case they are required to do their Itefa anyways. 

This is where things truly diverge because, in traditional Yoruba Ifa, once one has done their Itefa (either Itelegan style or Itelodu style), they are not considered a Babalawo, but only an initiated follower of Ifa. It is only through the Odu they receive during Itefa (their true birth odu) that it is determined whether they will be allowed to be an Ifa priest (and thus a Babalawo) and learn the deeper secrets/knowledge of Ifa. This is radically different from the lucumi interpretation which says once you Itefa you are a Babalawo. To clarify, in my own case, even though I had Odu for babalawo in my Awofakan (received via lucumi priests), since I did Itefa Traditional Yoruba, I didn't truly know whether I was going to be allowed to be a Babalawo until I received my birth Odu in Itefa (which I didn't understand at the time!). So it's my Odu of Ifa (birth Odu received in Itefa) that allows me to be a Babalawo. The logic is perfectly clear to me, it's only in receiving your birth Odu that you know your path. The unfortunate thing is that many go to Nigeria to Itefa thinking then they are a Babalawo (and perhaps are sometimes misled to believe so), but this is not the case, you are only a follower of Ifa unless being a Babalawo is your destiny. The commonality between Lucumi Ifa and traditional Yoruba Ifa is that being a Babalawo is a destiny, not a choice, the only difference is which Odu determines that, and what the timing and meaning of different ceremonies are. So even if you want to be a Babalawo and go to Nigeria to Itefa, it's your birth Odu that determines it. If you decide to be a Babalawo anyways without the Odu, you are simply going against your destiny, which is completely contrary to Ifa theology, and why would you do that?

I still maintain, before calling yourself a Babalawo, you must adhere to the commitments and Ewoo (taboo) of a Babalawo and if you are committing Ewoo (taboos)  you should not act as a practicing priest nor call yourself a Babalawo without respecting those ewoo. In traditional Yoruba Ifa, treatment of homosexuals is varied, most typically they are viewed as acting contrary to Ifa and nature and are outright shunned. There are other who don't believe this and work with homosexuals, however all factions bar homosexuals from being Ifa priests. This comes in part from the requirements of Ifa priests (ie, having an apetebii (being married to a woman), having children, and from other things. There does seem to be a don't ask, don't tell or look the other way policy as of late, and some folks who were shunned by Lucumi practitioners have taken to going to Nigeria where they are not known. This does not mean that traditional Yoruba Ifa accepts gay babalawos, just that some people are working around the system.

Women follow this path, first receiving ese'ntaye, then Isodu (the Ide (bracelet) of Ifa and one ikin - an Ijebu practice, which is exactly like some Lucumi lineages) for those who are not a Babalawos wife. When receiving Isodu, the Babalawo casts his own ikin to determine the woman's Odu. In receiving this Odu, it can be determined she needs to Itefa and become an Iyanifa, a position not recognized by Lucumi Ifa. Iyanifa are female Ifa priestesses that can Te'Fa, but are NOT allowed to see Odu (the mythical wife of Orunmila). In some areas, she can cast Opele (divine), but not Ikin. In all areas an Iyanifa learns Ifa verses and other rituals of Ifa.

If the woman is married, the Babalawos Odu is the Odu of the house, but she receives an Odu during her Apetebii ceremonies which tells more about her specifically, including whether she should Te'fa and become Iyanifa.  All Babalawo are required to have an Apetebii (ie, be married) and during said ceremony, the women are ritually married to both the man and Ifa.

Other important notes are that Ishefa (owo ifa kan) would be given to the child of a babalawo within a month of birth, but can be received 1 - 2 years, 3 at most later. Itefa is typically done around puberty (when he becomes a man) but can occur anytime after that.

 In Ogbe Ate, Ifa says:

A kii ji ni kutukutu
Ka ma mo Odu to da nu s'aiye
D'ifa fun Olupo Alaelu
Eyi t f'eyin ti
To n fekun surahun ire gbogbo
Eyi ti ti ile aye ni lare kokooko bi ota
Won ni ko sakaale ebo ni sise
Ko si lo ree te ifa
O gbe'bo o rubo
Ko pe, ko jinna
Ire gbogbo wa ya de tuturu
Ifa de o, Alase
Ope abise warawara

Translation:

It is not advisable for one to wake up in the dawn of one's life
without knowing the Odu that gave birth to one
Divined for Olupo Alaelu
Who reclined and was weeping in lamenation of his inability to achieve all Ire in life
He whose life was as hard and tough as pebbles
He was advised to sacrifice
He complied
Before long, not to far
All IRE in life came to him in abundance.

I hope that this helps clarify some of the processes and differences in Lucumi and traditional Yoruba Ifa practices. It's been a learning process for me as I shed some of my own layers to learn how things are done in my particular path.

Odabo
Marcos Ifalola

Esu, guerreros and the nature of "caminos" of the Orisa

2008-07-20T21:00:00.003+02:00

Aboru, Aboye Aboshishe,

I was recently asked a question regarding the differences between Esu and Elegba, why one might receive more then one Esu/Elegbara, and what is the difference between Ifa Guerreros and Olorisa Guerreros in the lucumi system. I take a moment to answer the question, but it leads us to a larger and more interesting question about the nature of “caminos” or “roads” of the Orisa.

From the Traditional Yoruba perspective, Elegbara – “Owner of Vital Force” in Yoruba (translation by John Mason), or Elegua in lucumi, is simply a praise name for Esu. They are one and the same. From a Lucumi perspective, Esu is the entity that is given by Babalawos, and is the primordial force that lives with Ifa and is the one who can block or aid in any offering/ebo/request. Elegba/Elegua/Elegbara is only given by Olorisa (santero/a) and is not, as far as I recall, known to have as much of the destructive tendencies as Esu. The Elegba of the Olorisa has fewer "roads" (I've heard 12 or 21) whereas the "roads" or avatars of the Esu of babalawo are at least 121.

The split in the way these are given may have been the result of politics or power struggles when the lucumi changed to a standardized and joint system of initiations (ie, any priest of any Orisa, can initiate virtually any other priest of any other Orisa as long as they have received the secrets of that Orisa and do not have ewoo (taboo) against initiating that Orisa). It's not that traditional Yoruba priests can't initiate into other Orisa mysteries, they can, and sometimes do, but when you joined a priesthood and were initiated to that Orisa, it was done by other priests whose teutelary Orisa were the same (so if Elegba was initiated, it was done only by Elegba priests, Yemoja by Yemoja priests, etc).

It seems that somewhere down the line, some felt it important to distinguish between Olorisa/Santero and Babalawo, which by extension gets into the whole question of the lucumi "guerreros". There is also controversy as to who is authorized to "give" these out, and depending on the Ile (house) you come from, it's either babalawos or olorisa (santeros). In truth, the only two Orisa in the “guerreros” that are given in traditional Yoruba Ifa practice are Esu and Osun, and further, Osun in Yorubaland is only given to Babalawos and no one else. This it not say other Orisa are not in Ese Ifa, but that typically they would not be given by a Babalawo who was only initiated to Ifa.

So where does this leave the question? Well, it's lucumi tradition that Esu is the province of the Babalawo, and Elegba the province of the Olorisa/santero. How this evolved, I don't think anyone will truly know.

With respect to “Caminos” or “roads”

Receiving multiple Esu or Elegba, is a practice that comes from the idea that there are multiple caminos/roads/avatars of the Orisa. This practice extends to many other Orisa other then Esu, such as Oshun, Yemoja and Obatala. What is important to clarify from the beginning is just because you may have multiple Orisa, or multiple roads, the Orisa is still only one thing in spiritual essence. What happens is that the sacred objects of an Orisa (which are the Orisa manifest on earth literally) manifest in different ways, drawing upon a particular energy. The Otan of Esu (or any Orisa for that matter) is in essence a focal point for calling on certain energies of the Orisa. Through a blend of specific ingredients, incantations and rituals, the Otan (rock) becomes a portal for the specific energy of the Orisa to come through. The name acts as an incantation that begins the process of calling down that specific energy (see my article on prayer) and the fact that you have a particular road of a particular Orisa is because the Orisa themselves (through divination) determined that that particular energy is what is most suitable for you/will be there to help you when needed. Typically, these roads can come from three sources: Oriki (praise names), Objects/places in nature (as in Oshun Ibu apuaro (Oshun river of quail), Olokun (owner of Ocean) or Esu Alaketu (Esu from Ketu)), or manifestations of deified people/royalty (as in Sango, Obatala Ajagunnla, or Ogun Onile (Ogun, king of Ile).

Therefore, you may want to have an Esu Laroye (Esu owner of titles of honor) is known to protect Obatala’s door, and therefor is good for protecting your door, or perhaps Esu Bi (Esu is born) is known to cause accidents, so he is called on because you are prone to accidents in hope of avoiding them, Esu Alaalubanshe (Esu owner of medicines that help me to be fulfilled) because you will require medical help or will be someone involved in the medical field, etc etc etc. Esu is prescribed to people based on Odu that come out in their Ita or a reading, those Odu indicating the predominance of a particular type of energy, and an Esu is prescribed for that Odu based on that energy, either to balance it out, or to combat it. A special note, Esu is the only Orisa that you might recive multiple times, this is because upon Esu there are no limits, and he does as he pleases and manifests everywhere at all times in multiple ways.

The same regarding roads can be said in the Ita of Dosu/Kariosha, the particular Odu that comes out for that Orisa may indicate to the Oriate a particular road/avatar that he might ask about when it comes time to divine and find out the Orisa’s camino. And likewise, the names of the roads indicate the energies of the Orisa via oriki, place or deified ancestor. For instance there is, Obatala Orisanla (owner of white cloth, highest of Orisa, an Oriki for Obatala), or Obatala Ajagunnla (ayaguna-lucumi) who was the son of Princess Adetinrin, the daughter of Oduduwa (a male in this story). She gave birth to a son, ajagunnla, who was known as a great fighter and used the “ada ogbo” or curved cutlass his Oriki is

Omo Alada koromodo
Ada aramanda
To fi nko omo re mona
Tifi o fi de le Ila Ajo
Nibi ti o ti njoba tori

Possessor of the curved cutlass that brings wealth
Strange and wonderful cutlass
The cutlass used to clear the way for his people
Until he reached Ajo
Where he sits in state
(see “Yoruba Sacred Kingship”-John Pemberton p. 31).

Though this is a Yoruba story, this aligns perfectly with the qualities/emblems of Obatala Ayaguna of the Lucumi.

I believe this is an often misunderstood and understudied studied area of Orisa theology. But if we see the caminos/roads/avatars as a particular energy of the Orisa, we can understand how to better work with them, and how to understand what they mean in a theological context.

The Odu Okanran Oturupon reminds us of our need to study in saying:

It is through constantly studying Ifa that we come to understand Ifa
It is through missing the way that we come to know the way
It is the road we have not traveled before that causes us to wander here and there

Ifa ki ko nii mu ni mo Ifa
Ona sisi nii mu ni mo ona
Ona ti a ko rin ri
Nii se ni sibasibo

Aboru, Aboye, Aboshishe
Marcos Ifalola

On having the right Odu for the priesthood

2008-06-18T13:40:00.002+02:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

I’ve often heard people speak about initiation as a right that is mandated by the Odu they received in an Ita Orisa or reading. One of the typical statements goes something like:

“I received XYZ Odu that says I have to initiate to XYZ Orisa or initiate to Ifa, therefore it’s my right, regardless of my lifestyle/sex/gender. If I have the Odu, how can the Orisa be wrong?”

The problem with this argument is it predicates itself on a few assumptions. First is that the Odu/Orisa saying you should initiate is the same as saying you and your Ori are ready to initiate and take on the responsibilities, ewoo (taboos) and commitments that come with being initiated to that priesthood. Certainly, you can go into it thinking you will be able to take these on, only to later change your mind. But it seems a whole different matter to walk into the initiation, knowing that you will not/can not fulfill your obligations to the Orisa and the priesthood. If one’s Ori is not ready to take on the requisite responsibilities, it means that Ori is not yet ready for that step. Ifa tells us this very clearly in the Odu Ogbe ‘Ka

I stood for a long time
But I was unable to reach the ishin fruit
I bent down for a long time
But I still could not reach the ishin fruit
But thanks to some special elders
Who advised me to prostrate myself in respect and without reservation
I prostrated myself in respect and without reservation
Then, the ishin fruit dropped into my hands
And the ishin fruit dopped into my mouth
This was the teaching of Ifa for Ejika-gogoogo
Who was going to carry Osu to the sacred grove of Ifa
They were advised to sacrifice
They heard and complied
May Osu stand up straight
May he not lie down
Standing firm and upright is how we must always find Osu

Mo duro –duro
Owo mi o to ishin
Mo bere-bere
Owo mi o to ishin
Opelope awon agba kan
Ti won niki ndobale yeke
Mo dobale yeke
Ishin nbo si mi l’owo
Ishin nbo si mi l’enu
Difa fun Ejika gogoogo
Ti yio gbe Osu de’gbodu
Won ni ki won rubo
Won gbo; won ru
Nje Odu m’ori ro o
Ki o ma dubule
Iduro gangan l’aa ba Osu

This entire verse is clearly a metaphor for the person seeking initiation into Ifa, “Ejika gogoogo who was going to carry Osu to the sacred grove of Ifa”. Though trying to reach the fruit, Ejika was unable to reach it until through the advice of elders, he learned he must prostrate himself in respect and without reservation. It’s only then he is able to hold and ingest the ishin fruit. It’s of special note that the ishin fruit (Blighia Sapida) is eaten, however with much care. If not prepared in just the right way (skin and seeds removed and boiled to leech toxins), it can cause death. This is an important, but easily lost, cultural reference in the ese Ifa, the implication being if one does not respect Ifa, it’s ewoo (like not eating the seeds or skin), and proper worship, Ifa can cause death.

Understanding that the ishin represents Ifa and its secrets. Ejika is also advised that once he gains the knowledge of Ifa, it is also important to know that Osu atop the staff is always to be kept upright (ifa is always kept upright), so that Osu (representative of the Asa – hawk) may always see out and around in order to protect the initiate.

Ifa tells us in the Odu Irete Meji:

Iwo ote
Emi ote
D'ifa fun baba a lese ire
Ma a l'ori ire
Won ni ko ru'bo si laiku ara re
O ru'bo
Ko i pe
Ko i jina
E wa ba wa laiku kangere

You are a presser (an initiate)
I am a presser
Divined for the Baba with good feet
but not with a good Ori (destiny)
he was advised to make ebo for long life/goodness
He made the ebo
Not too long
Soon after
Join us in everlasting lives

Here, Ifa makes note that initiation alone does not give one’s Ori good destiny, even though one’s feet may have lead them to that point. Through sacrifice (not simply initiation), we change our destiny to enjoy everlasting life. In other words, we have to sacrifice in order to be worthy of the initiation.

It’s also very important to note that the actions of one’s Ori have bearing on whether one is ready/allowed to initiate. It’s a matter of character and responsibility as Ifa tells us in the Odu Okanran Oturupon:

Falsehood is not good for anyone
Commitment breaking is not good for anyone
If young people act secretly to break commitments
Secret things will happen to them
This was the teaching of Ifa for an assistant priest
Who was going to proposition the wife of the Oluwo (high priest of Ifa)

Eke ko suwon ara eni
Odale ko suwom ara eni
B’omode ba nyole da
Ohun abe- nu a maa yo won se
O difa fun ajugbona
Ti o lo nfe obinrin Oluwo

Certainly we can fixate on this verse as being about the ramifications of trying to lure an elder/priest’s wife. But the true meaning of this verse is that if you are breaking ewoo (taboo) in secret, you will be dealt with. So hiding who you are, or acting against the ewoo of a priesthood and not telling your Oluwo provides you no protection in the long run.

Second, it assumes that Odu are set in stone and will always come to pass. Odu are not, they can tell you what you are likely to encounter, but as with everything in life, it is mutable. It may say, you’ll be wealthy, but because you make poor choices in life, you may never see that wealth. It may even say, you will lead a long life, but again, your poor choices can lead to a premature death. We see for instance, that character and sacrifice (of actions, not just “things”) allows one to avoid a premature death in the Odu Irete Oyekun:

Orifusi, father of Elu, was searching for a way to avoid death
So that death would not kill him, his children and his wives
They said: If you want to avoid death
You must sacrifice and follow the teachings of Ifa
Ifa will teach you the conduct and character
Which will enable you to avoid death
They said when you sacrifice, you should begin doing good from this day on more then ever before
For your sacrifice is in vain, if your character is deficient
Therefore, you should take the sacrificial pigeons and chickens home
You should release them
You should not kill them
You should give them food if they come to eat at your house
And you must not kill anything whatsoever from this day on
For one who does not want death to kill him
Should not kill anything whatsoever

Orifusi baba Elu nwa ibi a ba ye iku
Si ki o ma le pa oun omo re ti aya re
A niki bi e ba wipe ki iku ma le pa eyin
Ki e rubo ki e si wa te Ifa
Ifa yoo ma ko eyin, ni ise ati iwa
Ti kii jeki a ku
Won ni bi e rubo
E beresi rere-ise lati oni lo ju ti atehin wa.
Lasan ni e rubo, bi e ba din iwarere
Ki e ko awon eyele ati adiye lo si ile eyin
Ki e ko won dasile
Ki e ma se pa won
Ki e maa fun won ni ounje bi won ba je wa ile
E ko gbodo pa ohunkohun lati oni lo
Nitori eniti ko fe ki iku pa oun
Ki o ma se iku pa ohunkohun si.

Lastly, it assumes that initiation is not earned in any way. This is unfortunately not true, though it seems no matter where we are in today’s world, looking at someone’s character prior to initiation is a dying practice. Societies like the Ogboni, just like Palo and Abakua in the diaspora, required that one was an upstanding person and known in the community. Babalawos in Yorubaland would not take on an apprentice, let alone initiate someone, if they didn’t know their character, who they were, and where they came from.

This appears to no longer be true, in part because societies have changed, migration patterns are more fluid from the past, having ties to the community is less important and establishing one’s reputation is of no value(re-invention is as simple as hoping a plane). Money also plays a more important role, creating flexibility where it once didn’t exist and causing people to turn a blind eye.

I’ll end this with an Odu about the affects money (and their willingness to turn a blind eye) can have on people’s character:

I'll preface this with a verse from the Odu Obara Oworin
Oro banta a wuwo bi owu
a difa fun aye,
Nijo ti gbogbo omo araye npon owo pe
Kosi ohun miran mo ninu aye ti o tun ni iyi mo rara
won ni awon o ko ohungbogbo sile,
Awon o maa sare mo owo
Orunmila ni eyiti e nro niti owo beeni
Ati eyiti e nro niti owo beeko si
Ifa l'a ba maa ye
Ogbon l'a ba ma ye
Awon l'a ba bu iyin fun
Agbeniga laa pe owo; abiwaje l'aa pe owo
Eniti ba feran owo l'afeju, iwa re a baje
Iwa rere ni oso eniyan
Bi e ni owo l'owo ko wipe ki e ma di afoju
Ko wipe ki e ma di ashiwere
Ko wipe ki e ma di aro
Ko wipe ki e ma di olokunrin ati beebee
Abuku ara gbogbo le de ba yin
Ki e tun ero gba
Ki e mu iwa rere
Ki e mu ogbon
Ki e wa rubo
Ki ara le ro nyin tinutode

Translated:
Heavy words have the weight of an anvil
This was the teaching of Ifa to the world
At a time when all the people of the world were overpraising money saying:
There is nothing else in the world that is more respected then money
They said they would give up everything
And they would continuously run after money
Orunmila said: what you think about money is so
And what you think about money is also not so
It is the teachings of Ifa we should honor
It is these we should regard highly
It is said money is a raiser of status and a corruptor of character
A person who loves money excessively, his character will be ruined
Good character is the finest beauty of a person
Even if you have money, it does not mean you will not become blind
It does not mean you will not go mad
It does not mean you will not become lane
It does not mean you will not become ill and the like
You still can become disabled in any part of your body
Therefore you should go and get more wisdom so that you may think deeply about things
You should cultivate good character
You should acquire wisdom
And you should come and sacrifice so that you may be at ease inside and out.

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe
Ase ooo
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Oriki Orunmila

2008-06-09T17:35:00.008+02:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

Oriki are praise names/poetry created by the yoruba. These are created and chanted to praise the Orisa at anytime, when greeting them, sometimes during divination, during our prayers. Below is an Oriki for Orunmila written by me:

Oriki Orunmila

Orunmila Ooo
Agboniregun
Orunmila, small man of Igeti town who stands on 16 Ikin to peer over mountains
Husband of Odu, who's children leave footprints in the sand
only to be washed away by the waves of eternity
Chief, who leads by following Ifa's wisdom
Follower, who shines his light on our destiny
like the full moon illuminates a path even in the darkness of night
Teacher whose nimble fingers hold the knowledge of the world with dignity
He who understand that as people, one seeks another to become two, and two fulfill their destiny and beget one.
Orunmila Oooo
Agboniregun
Small man of Igeti town who stands on 16 Ikin to peer across the sea
shine your light from the beach to help guide my Ori

By Awo Marcos Ifalola Sanchez
Aboru Aboye Aboshishe

Isomoloruko - Yoruba naming ceremony

2008-06-03T09:31:00.005+02:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

Please take a few minutes to check out this very informative documentary on the Yoruba naming ceremony (Isomoloruko). This is different from the Esentaiye that is done for Ifa devotees, but an important part of Yoruba culture.
Enjoy ... Ifalola (If the video does not display, you can go to http://www.brightcove.tv/title.jsp?title=176904134 directly)

Discourse on Ifa Symbology and Meaning III: The markings of Odu Ifa.

2008-05-29T17:29:00.008+02:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

In the last installment of this discourse we began to look at the deeper meaning of the Opon Ifa and the markings which are made upon it as the Awo Ifa interprets the Ifa Oracle. We began by looking at the verse Otura-rera (Otura Ogunda) where Ifa says:

Igbo teere kan ko
Odan teere kan do
Ona were-were-were kan ibi a n re
Dia fun Alaiku
Omo ayelohun kere
Oruko ti aa pe Opon-Ifa
Won ni ko rubo si laiku araa re
o gbe'bo, o rubo
Ko pe ko jinna
E wa ba ni laiku kangiri
Aiku kangiri laa ba ni lese Ope

The slender forest reached the farmland
The slender savannah reached the brook
The small footpaths reached our destination
These were the declaration of Ifa to Alaiku (that which will not die)
Offspring of he who possesses a strong clear voice
The name given to Opon Ifa
He was advised to offer sacrifice for longevity
He complied
Before long, not too far
join us where we enjoy everlasting life
Ever lasting life is enjoyed at the foot of Ope, the holy palm tree

The first three lines of this stanza reveal several important ideas, first that we are on a journey, but most importantly that that journey involves a change, in this case metaphorically speaking, a change in our path (as referenced in the early article on symbology with the marking of the crossroads on the Opon Ifa). The Opon Ifa represents the acknowledgment of the ever-changing forces of nature and the change in Odu from one reading to the next. This is beautifully expressed in the third line where Ifa says, "the small footpaths reached our destination", which is meant to be a visual metaphor of the markings of the Odu in the Iyerosun. Like small footprints in dirt or sand, we mark the Odu on the Opon Ifa, and with the final push of our finger in the Iyerosun, we reach our final destination, the Odu, which marks the energy/scenery that is present in our lives.

The stanza goes further in referencing the Opon Ifa as Alaiku (that which will not die), telling us that, no matter our own destiny to rejoin our ancestors in Orun, Opon Ifa, and by extension, Ifa, will not die, it is here before us, it will remain after. Or, as the stanza indicates "where we enjoy ever lasting life" a clear reference to Orun. And as finale, the stanza references the holy palm tree, where Ikin are gathered for use in communicating with Ifa, the medium of communication.

The question then moves to how and why do we make those markings in the Iyerosun upon our Opon Ifa? An Awo Ifa in his studies of the process of divining with the holy Ikin is taught to hold the 16 Ikin in his left hand and attempt to grab as many as possible into his right. If there are no Ikin in his left hand, he makes no mark. If there is one Ikin in his left hand, he makes two marks. If there are two Ikin in his left hand, he makes one mark. If there are anymore then two, he makes no mark. So what is the significance of this process?

First and foremost, this is the process for divining the word of Ifa, in which Odu is birthed. This is a critical concept to understand, because though we know all Odu exist all the time, as they are the accumulation of the knowledge of the world, and represent all possibility, they are not all applicable to a person at a given time. We know that the process of Ifa divination is done in order to determine which Odu is pertinent to a person’s Ori. Further, because the amount of information in a given Odu can be vast, it is the job of the diviner to navigate their knowledge of Odu in order to determine what messages in particular are important for that person’s Ori.

This is all to say that the energy of a given Odu is born during the process of divination, and like people, that energy has a limited lifespan and will pass. Which is why we don’t keep getting the same Odu over and over again each time we Da’fa (divine Ifa) for someone.

So why then are there only two events which cause a diviner to mark the iyerosun on the Opon Ifa? Since we know that the process is about birth (also as evidenced by the interplay with Odu, Orunmila’s wife, who is by no coincidence of the same name) then we know that there are only two numbers that are of importance and I'll explain clearly why they are important.

One person seeks another in order to become a pair, so that they may procreate.

The pair procreates so that they produce another being.

In those two sentences of sublime simplicity, we see why Ifa chooses only 1 Ikin and 2 Ikin as significant. Further, it shows us why one is marked as two, and two is marked as one.

The odu Odi Meji tells us:

Ojo nla ta’di shasha
A difa fun won ni’di’kunrin
A bu fun won ni’di’binrin
Nijo ti won nmekun oju she’rahun t’omo
Idi ni a apa asha
Igba idi di meji
Nn la a bi’mo

Success depends on perseverance
See how rain drops wear out granite
Thus declared Ifa to the husband
The same was declared to the wife when they sorrowed daily for lack of children
Commence your efforts from bottom upwards
For when two ends meet
A child is born

The most important revelation in this verse is that in the beginning it treats the husband and the wife as separate. It cryptically talks about commencing efforts from bottom upwards, which I believe means to look at themselves fully bottom to top, to see where their problems lie, and when they both can meet as a couple, in understanding of each other, they might be able to truly unite and create one. The key take away is the progression, single person, through understanding joins harmoniously as a pair, and when the pair are in harmony, they produce one.

Further, we see another connection to the "1 to 2 to 1" in the workings of Ifa in Irosun Meji where ifa says:

Eni poroporo laa godo
Eji poroporo laa gosun
Dia fun Baba boo-lejo-o-ba-Ipin-re-wi
Oro o kan Eegun o
Ko k’Oosa
Eledaa eni loro o kan

One person pounds the mortar
In twos do we pound camwood
These were the declarations of Ifa to Baba who is advised “if you have any problems, consult your destiny”
The matter is not that of Eegun (ancestors)
Nor that of the Orisa
It is with destiny, fully and completely

The first line of this ese is a reference to the lone person making their destiny (the pounding of the mortar is done in order to do make food). The second is a reference to the person having gone to the Awo Ifa for divination. We know this because; camwood is the true wood used for Iyerosun, pounding is a reference to the Awo’s fingers pushing into the iyerosun on the Opon Ifa to make the mark of the Odu, it takes two people for there to be a consultation and lastly, the next sentence pronounces that the person must consult their destiny. The last three sentences are a reminder that no matter what the ancestors or Orisa may tell us, it is our own destiny (and thus ourselves alone) that can take the steps towards resolutions. One with problems, needing the second to consult Ifa. Two in consultation, which can only be resolved by the one person. One to two, two to one.

So Ifa creates balance by creating a closed circle. That Odu Ifa marked upon the Opon Ifa, creates a mirror in which we are able to see our problems clearly in hopes that we can find a resolution. Ifa will show us the truth in ourselves.

Aboru aboye aboshishe
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez – http://ifalola.blogspot.com

Ifa is enlightenment

2008-05-12T14:23:00.007+02:00

Aboru, Aboye, Aboshishe,

What most people don’t understand when they embark on the path of Ifa is what Ifa’s true purpose is. All too often, as with most religions, people turn to Ifa in their time of need seeking comfort and solace, or a solution to those problems which plague them. If a solution is found, the adherent is drawn deeper into the system of belief. However just as often, if they are unable to find what they seek, they wander and drift looking for some path to provide them with a solution. Those who remain often do so from a sense of relief that they have found something to provide them with the answers they seek. Certainly Ifa can provide this. But more often than not, the deeper meaning of Ifa is hidden, ignored or simply misunderstood.

I believe the true path of Ifa is one filled with reflection, self-analysis and contemplation of the difficult questions left when one tries to understand how we can live harmoniously as one community. Ifa can help you to see the world and yourself for what they truly are. It’s through this understanding that we are able to decipher the roadmap given to us by Olodumare and the true nature of our Ori/Head chosen at the house of Ajala. Ifa is a storehouse of knowledge that acts as a key, opening an understanding of the true nature of any given situation.

So why is it that we know that enlightenment through Ifa requires self-reflection? This excerpt from the Odu Iwori Meji tells us:

Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
If you undergo Ifa initiation (Itelodu)
Endeavor to use your wisdom and intelligence
…
Awo, when you have been given Ifa initiation
Initiate yourself again by using your wisdom and intelligence
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you

Two critical sections of the Iwori meji text point to this interpretation. By reminding us over and over throughout the Ese to “look at what affects [us]”, we are reminded that it is our responsibility to constantly reassess the world around us to see how it is affecting us. Further, there is a reminder to those members of the priesthood who have been given special access to the wisdom of Ifa. It is our responsibility to use our wisdom and intelligence, i.e. don’t assume Ifa will provide the key simply through initiation.

Lastly, Iwori meji reminds of one of the most important yet one of the least stressed concepts for the Awo Ifa, “Initiate yourself again by using your wisdom and intelligence”, it is here where Ifa tells the Awo that initiation alone does not make you a true Awo. It’s only through reflection and contemplation of Ifa that one can achieve an understanding of the initiation one went through, and through analysis and study, self initiation (awareness of the truths of Ifa) can occur.

The Odu Okanran Oturupon reminds us of our need to study in saying:

It is through constantly studying Ifa that we come to understand Ifa
It is through missing the way that we come to know the way
It is the road we have not traveled before that causes us to wander here and there

Ifa ki ko nii mu ni mo Ifa
Ona sisi nii mu ni mo ona
Ona ti a ko rin ri
Nii se ni sibasibo

Further, this excerpt from the Odu Ogbe Ate supports this idea :

…
Orunmila was the person who initiated Akoda
He also initiated Asheda
He equally initiated Araba
Only Orunmila Abonniregun
Was the person we do not know who initiated
Now, after I have been initiated
I will complement it with self-initiation
All those things that are my taboos
I will surely avoid them
I had been initiated
I will re-initiate myself, by myself...

Besides the clear support given to our earlier analysis, Ogbe ate takes things one step further by stating, “I will re-initiate myself, by myself...”. It’s in this statement that Ifa reminds us of one of the most important truths of them all, understanding of truth, is a solitary act. While others can help guide us along the way, in the end we face truth on our own. The solitary act of insight into the true nature of life is why we must travel the final road to realization alone.

It’s this epiphany that leads me to my next important, but potentially controversial statement.

Ifa is the path for everyone and no one.

The seemingly zen contradiction in this statement is an understanding that Ifa can provide universal truths to all those who seek it, while simultaneously acknowledging the solitary and unique nature of the epiphanies of truth. Truth reveals itself to each person in the way that person will understand it, and Ifa is but one path to Truth.

Self-realization

In order for any follower of Ifa, Awo and adherent alike, to benefit from the wisdom of Ifa, they must each have smaller revelations of truth. During each session of Ifa divination (D’afa), Ifa reveals an Odu which is drawn on the Opon Ifa. This process is meant to provide a mirror through which the devotee can recognize themselves and the truth of their situation in a given moment in time. As noted in earlier writings, D’afa (with the exception of major initiations such as Itelodu) is meant to provide a momentary glimpse into the true nature of a person’s life situation. This includes their actions, the actions of others, and the nature of people.

Oworin Obara is a perfect example or our need to use Ifa as a mirror:

She sees me. I don’t see her.
This was the teaching of Ifa for Owa
They said that which we are looking for is near us
But we do not recognize it
Orunmila, Witness to Destiny, said:
The very thing we are looking for is near us
But our lack of knowledge prevents our seeing it

O ri mi. N ko rii
A difa fun Owa
Won ni: ohun ti a nwa nbe nitosi eni
Afi aimo eni
Orunmila, Eleri ipin, o ni:
Ohun ti a nwa nbe nitosi eni
Afi aimo eni ni kii je ka rii

Ifa is knowledge that provides us with the key to unlocking the door to that which we seek. If only we use it, we can recognize what we are looking for, and fulfill our destinies.

Ifa will enlighten us, if we take the time to reflect on, and apply the wisdom which it gives to us…

Aboru, Aboye Aboshishe
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Character and sacrifice

2008-04-28T19:09:00.004+02:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe.

I have seen the wicked go to Ifa, to make sacrifice so that they may succeed in their wicked ways.

I have seen the Ifa priest, accept that empty sacrifice duped by the veil money has laid upon their eyes.

I have seen the people of my faith expect their problems be solved by throwing sacrifices at them without for one moment thinking about the role they play.

I have seen person and priest alike sling mud so that their dirty clothes might seem brighter

What good is it all without character?

Ifa says in the Odu Irete Oyekun:

Orifusi, father of Elu, was searching for a way to avoid death
So that death would no kill him, his children and his wives
They said: If you want to avoid death
You must sacrifice and follow the teachings of Ifa
Ifa will teach you the conduct and character
Which will enable you to avoid death
They said when you sacrifice, you should begin doing good from this day on more then ever before
For your sacrifice is in vain, if your character is deficient
Therefore, you should take the sacrificial pigeons and chickens home
You should release them
You should not kill them
You should give them food if they come to eat at your house
And you must not kill anything whatsoever from this day on
For one who does not want death to kill him
Should not kill anything whatsoever

Orifusi baba Elu nwa ibi a ba ye iku
Si ki o ma le pa oun omo re ti aya re
A niki bi e ba wipe ki iku ma le pa eyin
Ki e rubo ki e si wa te Ifa
Ifa yoo ma ko eyin, ni ise ati iwa
Ti kii jeki a ku
Won ni bi e rubo
E beresi rere-ise lati oni lo ju ti atehin wa.
Lasan ni e rubo, bi e ba din iwarere
Ki e ko awon eyele ati adiye lo si ile eyin
Ki e ko won dasile
Ki e ma se pa won
Ki e maa fun won ni ounje bi won ba je wa ile
E ko gbodo pa ohunkohun lati oni lo
Nitori eniti ko fe ki iku pa oun
Ki o ma se iku pa ohunkohun si.

Clearly Ifa tells us that it is character that can trump any sacrifice made, and that no matter the amount of money, food or goods offered to the Orisa, if one does not have character, that sacrifice is made in vain. Characterless existence is the doom of those who’s tongues breed hate, who’s hearts breed distrust and whose hands work only for their own furtherance, and not that of the community. Without character, we will only be eaten by our own greed and avarice, and if we surround ourselves with these things, whether in our choice of friends, our choice of “clients” or our own actions, in the end, we will be outcast, with no remedy to make right that which is wrong.

Ifa says in Okanran Oworin

Letting people practice cruelty supports the cruel person
Allowing people to do evil sustains the evil person
The was the teaching of Ifa for those who would not listen
Who said that Orunmila was giving too many warnings about wrong doings
And that they would do what they wanted
They were doing evil
They were committing acts of cruelty
And things in life were going well for them
People went to report this to Orunmila
Orunmila said that regardless of how long it may be, the one who rewards and punishes will come around again and again
He will relieve people of their burdens in the end
He will go about his work quietly
And when he comes, all of them will run
They said we should sacrifice
So that permissiveness towards cruelty and allowance of evil
Might not get an opportunity to become a part of us
And so that our companions and peers might no deride and show contempt for us in the end

Jeko Seka ngbe osika
Jeko Seka ngbe asebi
A difa f’awon afoigbo
Ti wipe Orunmila nkilo oran ju,
Ti inu awon li awon maa se
Won nse ibi
Won nse ika
Ohun aye ndara fun won
A lo wi fun Orunmila
Orunmila ni: bobapetiti elesan nbowa ayika gbirigbiri
O tumo l’eru kale
A se jeje sise
Bi o ba de gbogbo won a sa
Won niki a sebo ki “Jeko Seka” ati “Jeko se bi”
Ma le raye bosi ikun eni
Ik awon egbe ati ogba ma ba fi wa rerin eleya ni igbehin

Ifa clearly warns us of the age-old adage Quien con perros se echa, con pulgas se levanta (sleep with the dogs, and you’re going to get fleas). Slowly and insidiously, if you surround yourself with evil and cruelty, it will inevitably affect your mind, your decisions and your life. Character is something to be thought about, contemplated and nurtured. Without this attention, it will slowly die, and in the end leave us without community, and without recourse, since without character, our sacrifices remain empty offerings.

So if character is our responsibility, and we know that if we surround ourselves with evil and corruption, we will eventually become corrupt, is it not important for us to understand who our true friends are, so that we may create a community around us that will support us equally in sunny or stormy weather? Certainly Ifa tells us in Ogbe Ate:

Let us close our eyes and pretend to be dead
So that we may know who will mourn for us
Let us walk unsteadily and pretend to stumble
So that we might see who will express concern
It would not be a bad thing, even if we could count on only one person
But who will remain is difficult to determine
This was the teaching of Ifa for Orunmila
When he was going to make people think that he was dead
So that he might know who were his true friends
He was advised to offer sacrifice
He heard and complied
Orunmila who was said to be dead, was not dead after all
He discovered that their mourning was a mourning for themselves
And their fasting in sorrow was a fasting for themselves
Only his true friends remained to mourn him and help his family

K’a diju, k’a pe a ku
K’a m’eniti yoo sunkun eni
K’a burin-burin k’a kose danwo
K’a mo eniti yoo seni pele
Ko ni buruburu bi ko ma kenikan pere mo ni
Sugbon eniti yoo ku l’a o mo
Difa fun orunmila
Nigbati o nfi iku tan won je
Ki o mo eniti nbe ore oloooto re
Won niki o rubo
O gbo; o rubo
Orunmila ni e pe a ku ko ku mo o
O wa rip e ekun ara won ni won nsun
Pe aruwe ara won ni won ngba
Awon ore oloooto re nikan ni nbe l’ehin ti nsunkun ati tin ran awon ara re lowo

Ifa tells us without good character, nothing is sustainable. Without good character, sacrifice is empty. Without good character, we are meaningless.

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Thoughts on Osun in Trad. Yoruba and Lucumi practice

2008-04-09T10:25:00.002+02:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

Someone was posing a question about Osun of lucumi (not Oshun), this connection occurred to me. Osun for traditional Yoruba practitioners lies only within the realm of Ifa, other Orisa priests don't own/consecrate the staff of Osun (though it often looks similar to the staff of Osayin, which is also iron, and also has birds, but is in fact different. Osayin satff usually have only birds, often 16, an Ifa Osun, held only by Ifa diviners, usually has only one (sometimes two) and the conical shaped bells, the whole staff then prepared with medicines).

The bird at the top of an Ifa Osun is referred to as the "bird of Ifa." and is said to invoke the power of the hawk (asa), symbolizing the diviner's ability to address problems expediently and effectively. Now this is where it gets interesting. If as Wande Abimbola notes in his book on Ifa Corpus, one of the main purposes of Ifa is to get in touch with one's Ori, as evidenced in ogunda meji when Ifa says:

Death, disease, loss, paralysis and wickedness
were all staring at Orunmila
they said that one day
they would kill him
Orunmila then set down his divination instruments ready to consult his Ori

Iku, arun, ofo egba, ese
Gbogbo won ni nyo Orunmila wo
Won nwi pe ojo kan
Ni awon o pa a
Ni Orunmila ba gbe oke Iporii re kale

If then the hawk on the top of the Osun is meant to represent the Diviners ability to see, get in contact with Ifa, in this case to understand the wishes of a devotees Ori, it's a quite simple leap to see where the lucumi use Osun to represent Ori (or "crown" as they refer to it) and further to say that Osun "falling" is representative of a message for the aborisa who's Ori/"crown" it looks after. The one big difference is that in the diaspora other Orisa priests took up "preparing" Osun, even though Osun for Traditional Yoruba practitioners is only in the realm of Ifa.

Odabo
Ifalola

Taking the "I" out of Ori ...

2008-03-23T13:24:00.006+01:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

I should start by saying, that though I try to help others, I probably don't do enough, and I'm certainly not perfect. That said, after spending several years online in various chat rooms, list-servs and websites, to this day it is a rarity to see people talking about community service, charity, the role of the Orisa traditions in helping others, beyond those questions meant to help themselves directly or in-directly. Sure, we see the occasional talk about a sick child/person being helped, even an osha done for "free", or someone in need getting a free reading, but they are overshadowed by what I think of as the Botanica 'buy your solution' mentality.

Perhaps buying our salvation is a self fulfilling destiny in our Botanica consumer culture, which is just an extension of the larger multi-billion dollar self-help industry. Go to the botanica, buy a love candle to get a lover back, don't move on... take a wealth bath and feed Esu, don't work harder and educate yourself...wear an Oshun ileke and attraction perfume to bring new love, don't get yourself out to meet new people and care for your growth...Receive the guerreros and feed Oshoosi to stop that lawsuit/police conviction, don't own up to what you did and lead a good life...kill your enemy using sarabanda, don't press charges or mind your own business or avoid them...The list goes on.

Have we simply created our own multi-million dollar Orisa salvation industry? We'll make you feel good, and give you the answers you want to hear, but not base any of it in reality and tell you the hard things that you yourself need to do? (because then you might not come back to us for more work). Now, Botanica's fill a need as suppliers, but have you seen some of the "candles", "oils" and "baths"? These items create a aura of quick fixes that insidiously and subtly invade our thoughts. Sure there are those that won't accept anything but the mystical help of the "other" to do things for them, but can't that be tempered with sound advice from the oracle like. Get a job...Go for job training...find a different lover...move out...leave your enemy alone, and if they bug you, press charges...find a hobby...better yourself...give to your community...

Certainly not everyone is like this, there are wonderful people in this tradition, some of them own Botanica's. But, has this mentality pervaded our tradition in so many subtle ways that we no longer realize it. Even amongst the priestly ranks the "me" or "I" is prevalent. We see it in these conversations: "my godchild isn't listening to me"...You have to do Osha..Respect my "crown"...I'm "crowned" with XYZ Orisa...I "gave birth" to you...In "MY" ile, this is the right way to do it... So the question needs to be asked, where has the community gone? Where has charity gone? Why are we so focused simply on "crowning"/initiating? To what end does that truly serve? Why is it that we believe that Ebo solves everything? and the most difficult question of all:

Where did we lose focus on development of the self? And when did we forget that we are part of a community and have a responsibility to help others, priest and layperson alike?

Ifa says we are a community, and we have a responsibility to our community. We are not unlike so many of the other religious traditions of west and east, we have a communal calling, we re responsible for more then ourselves, we have simply forgotten it, and as is so easy in our consumer culture, we have focused on our own problems. As priests, we have even more responsibility, not only to help others, but to help others understand that they too are responsible to their greater community at large.

In Osa Ogunda Ifa says:

The anthill is the place of deliberations of the eerun ants.
Asuwa, a grouping together in harmony, is the place of deliberations of human beings.
It was through the principle of grouping together, that the earth was created.
It was through the principle of grouping together, that heaven was created.
And it was in the form of collectivities that beings descended on earth.
All inclusive was the grouping together when beings were first created.
All embracing was the grouping together when beings were completed.
Formed into collectivities were beings, when they rained down on earth.
All goodness became a grouping together in harmony.
The grouping together of the strands of hair covered the head.
The grouping together of hairs on the chin became an object of attention.
The grouping together of trees became a forest.
The grouping together of the eruwa grasses became a savannah.
The grouping together of beehives hold up the roof of the house.
And the grouping together of the Ita ants led to their covering the earth.
Alasuwada, Great Being who creates all beings in groups, we ask you humbly,
That you grant us things gathered in groups
So that they bring together all things good for us.
Bees for swarms
Eeran plants grow together on the farm.
Brooms are formed from bundles of twigs.
Eeran grass grows in bunches on the plains.
And the elegiri birds form flocks

It is as a grouping together that we encounter the grassland
It is as swarms that the locusts consume the farm
It is in several colonies that we find termites in their mounds
It is in groves that we encounter the ekunkun trees on the water's edge
It is in clusters we find oore grass at the riverside
It is in schools that we find egbele fish in the ocean
It is in groups we encounter the dragon fly
And the adosusu leaf is never found alone

Dews pouring lightly, pouring lightly
Were used to create the world
And likewise was done to create the earth.
So that goodness of togetherness could come forth at once.
Indeed all goodness took the form of a gathering together in harmony.

Now, if one Ori encounters good,
It will spread out and touch two hundred
If my Ori is good
It will spread out and touch you
And if your Ori is good,
It will spread out and touch me
For if just one Ori experiences good
It will spread out and touch two hundred.

Asuwa ni toyin
Asuwa leeran nhu ninu oko
Asuwa ni to susu owo
Asuwa leeran nhu ninu aare
Asuwa ni ti elegiri

Asuwa laa bodan
Asuwa lesu nfiijoko
Asuwa opo suu laa ba ikan inu ogan
Asuwa laa ba ekunkun let omi
Asuwa oore lodo
Asuwa laa ba lanilani
Asuwa laa beja egbele lokun
Ewe adosusu kii duro loun nikan

Iri tu wili, tu wili
Lfi dale aye
la bu da ile
kire susu ko wa su piripiri
ire gbogbo d'asuma

Nje, bori kan ba sunwon
A ran igba
Ori mi to suwon
lo ran yin
Ori yin to sunwon
Lo ran mi
Bori kan ba sunwon
A ran igba

Certainly Ifa believes that all beings need to be in groups to survive, that was how they were created. Which means, we are not only responsible to ourselves, but to the group that allows us to survive in the world. So what does Ifa say is our responsibility? Ifa lays out for us in Irosun Iwori, not only our path to ending the cycle of re-incarnation, but what Olodumare sees as our goal in this world.

Irosun Iwori says:

Let us do things with joy.
Those who want to go, let them go.
Those who want to stay, let them stay.
Surely, humans have been chosen to bring good into the world.
The All-knowing One, priest of Orunmila, divined Ifa for Orunmila.
He said the people of the world would come to ask him a certain question.
He said that Orunmila should sacrifice.
Orunmila heard and complied.
One day all kinds of people, good and those who do not allow good in other people's lives gathered.
They then went to Orunmila
They said: "Coming back and forth to earth tires us, Orunmila.
Therefore, please allow us to rest in heaven."
Orunmila said: "You cannot avoid going back and forth to earth,
Until you bring about the good condition that Olodumare has ordained for every human.
After then you may rest in heaven."
They asked "What is the good condition?"
Orunmila said: "The good condition is a good world:
A world in which there is full knowledge of all things;
Happiness everywhere;
Life without anxiety or fear of enemies;
Without clashes with snakes and other dangerous animals;
Without fear of death, disease, litigation, losses, wizards, witches or Esu;
Without fear of injury from water or fire;
And without fear of poverty or misery.
Because of your wisdom, your compelling desire for good character and your internal strength.
The things needed to bring about the good condition in the world then are:
Wisdom that is fully adequate to govern the world;
Sacrifice; character; the love of doing good for all people, especially those who are in need,
And those who seek assistance from us;
And the eagerness and struggle to increase good in the world
And not let any good at all be lost.
People will continue to go to heaven;
And they will go back and forth to earth after their transfiguration,
Until everyone has achieved the good condition.
Thus, when the children of Oduduwa gather together,
Those chosen to bring good into the world are called human beings or the chosen ones

K'a fi'nudidun see
Eni maa lo ki o maa lo
Eni maa dehin ki o maa dehin
Dandan eniyan ni a yan ki won mu're lo saye
Morantan awo Orunmila l'o difa'f'Orunmila
O ni awon omo-aye nbowa bileere oro kan
A niki Orunmila rubo
Orunmila gbo; o rubo
Nijokan oniruru eniyan, awo eniyan rere ati awon eniyan ma jeki l'eniyan sunwon gbarajo
Won to Orunmila wa
Won ni ipaara aye yi su wa Orunmila
Nitorinaa ki o jowo jeki a simi si orun
Orunmila ni eyin ko le sai maa paara ode-aye
Titi eyin yoo gi de ipo rere naa ti Olodumare ti yan fun gbogbo eniyan
Lehinnaa ni eyin yoo simi si orun
Won ni: kini ipo rere?
Orunmila ni ipo rere naa li aye rere:
Aye amotan ohun gbogbo;
Ayo nibi-gbogbo;
Wiwa laisi ominu tabi iberu ota;
Laisi ija ejo tabi eranko buburu miran;
Laisi iberu iku arun, ejo, ofu, oso, aje tabi Esu;
Laisi iberu ifarapa omi tabi ina;
Ati laisi iberu aini tabi osi,
Nitori ogbon yun iwarere ati agbara inu.
Ogun ti yoo gbe wa de ipo rere naa
Ogbo ti o po to eyiti a le fise akoso aye
Irubo, iwa, iferan oore-sise fun gbogbo eniyan, ni pataki julo awon ti ise alaini,
Ati awon ti o nfe iranlowo lodo wa;
Itara fun ati sisa ipa lati fi kun ire ti o wa ni aye
laijeki ire eyikeyii ti a ti ni lo.
Awo eniyan yoo maa lo si orun.
Won yoo si maa pada wa s'ode aye lehin iparada won,
Titit enikookan yoo fi de ipo rere naa
Nitorinaa nigbati awon omo Oduduwa pe jo,
Awon ti o yan lati ko ire wa s'ode aye ni a npe ni: eniyan

Ifa is a communal experience. Ifa expects us to respect our community. Ifa expects us to help those around us in need as much as we help ourselves, if for no other reason so that we may reside in Orun with our ancestors, our celestial community.

Ifa has a message beyond money, beyond self-aborption, beyond power and beyond politics.

Ifa is a way of life.

If we choose to listen, Ifa can teach us how to live with ourselves as a part of a larger community for the betterment of all.

Odabo,
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

"Stealing" godchildren, loyalty and other claims...

2008-03-06T14:55:00.003+01:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

In a recent conversation I had with a friend, I heard someone talk about one santero (olorisa) "stealing" godchildren from another person. I've even heard this said about me. In fact, in all the years of this tradition, I've heard this claim over and over again from a variety of people, some who surprised me. The reason I found this such an interesting, and almost absurd claim, was that "stealing" implies ownership. I would go one further, in that this same conversation is also heard not just about godchildren, but also about "clients" (which is also another word I've always found odd, as if we as priests are simply selling our religious services). Again, there seems to be some implied sense of ownership which I've always found uncomfortable. Are we as adherents simply some type of chattel to be held on to or collected by priests?

Further, there's the person who may do their Dosu/Kariosha ceremony with one godparent, and then leave for whatever reason and do other ceremonies in another Ile. Godparents get riled and appalled they may choose to leave, and get up in arms saying they must according to some "law" do their additional ceremonies with them. Perhaps it's tradition, but I see no theological foundation. It's as if they think the Orisa will be offended that they have left their godparent. We have our Ori, we have freewill, for good or for bad, but Orisa will never be upset with us if we choose to take a path that might separate us from our godparent, as long as it's done respectfully. I have yet to hear one person point out an Odu Ifa that says you have to do everything with one godparent, nor have I heard one decent logical argument for it. In fact, at least in the traditional yoruba experience I've had so far, it's common for Awo Ifa to travel to other cities even, to learn from Awo Ifa that are not their Oluwo or Ojugbona. But that is only traditional Yoruba Ifa.

I find all of this odd, and disconcerting, though certainly very human. As priests, it seems to me, our obligation is to caring for the Orisa, to give good counsel to those who seek it in the name of Orisa, and to our own health and welfare. It doesn't seem to me that there's anything in our initiations, theology, or life, that gives us any right to claim someone else. Whether that be as a "client" or as a "godchild", everything is based on freewill. Certainly we might hope that someone will continue to come to us for support. And if we extend our support to them beyond simple initiation and divination, to more personal areas in their time of need, we can hope that they will also support us as well. That doesn't, however, seem to me to imply that there is any requirement on their part except to be a good human being, and be respectful, even if that means leaving respectfully.

The other thing that concerns me is when I hear folks ranting about bad students who leave them, or aren't "loyal". Is wisdom meant to be passed only based on loyalty? or to people that will forever remain with one person? Certainly loyalty is a good and important trait, but you can be a loyal person, and also an evil one. Isn't it our obligation as priests to pass on our knowledge to those that will use it to do good? to service people in a charitable and fair way? with loyalty being only of secondary importance? What does that mean anyways, if they disagree with us, or decide they have different ideas, that doesn't make them less of a priest.

I guess I talk about all of this because this sense of ownership behind words like "stealing" the veiled implications of words like "loyal" and the sense that someone can only work with their godparent or they're bad, concern me. They seem to place the focus in the tradition on possession of assets. Aren't we as priests supposed to help others and give our knowledge and wisdom without expectations? To be very clear, I'm not suggesting we train people we think are unethical or evil. We also have a responsibility to train other priests to pass on that knowledge to others for good, and to help as many as possible. It just seems that people need to stay out of a sense of love, not out of a sense of obligation.

In the Odu Oturupon Obara Ifa says:

Ola silo n'ile; ola dehin s'ile
A difa fun Iyamooke
Won ni omo naa ti o bi ko nii ku ko nii lailalaafia
Sugbon omo naa ko nii gbe odo re nigbati o ba dagba
won niki o wa rubo ki omo naa baa ni aye rere
O gbo; o ru

Honor goes forth from the house, and honor returns to the house
This was the teaching of Ifa for Iyamooke, the mother who knows how to nurture
They said that the child she gave birth to would not die or be unhealthy
But the child would not stay with her after she grew up
They said she should practice sacrifice so that the child might have a good life
She heard and she complied

Ifa says, we don't even have the expectation our own child wil always stay with us, but we must sacrifice for them regardless, so why would a godchild be any different...

Odabo,
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Discourse on Ifa Symbology and Meaning II: Place of Ori in Ifa Divination

2008-02-18T13:23:00.005+01:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe

It has been the subject of many a debate inspired first by the advent of phone psychics and furthered with the mass appeal and broad acceptance of the Internet, world wide web and email. Where and when is distance divination (divination sessions in which you are not physically present) appropriate or is it appropriate at all? This idea leads us to the more important question, which is, what is the role that Ori plays in the process of D'afa (Ifa divination). Ori and Ori Inu being relatively new topics in the diaspora, and a sometimes elusive and esoteric things, I'd like to start out with an Ese Ifa to show just how important and significant our Ori is to us.

The odu Irete Ofun says:

Atefun-tefun
Dia fun Okanlenirino Irunmole
Won nlo sode Apere
Atefun-tefun eyin oni
Awo Ori lo dia fun Ori
Ori nlo sode Apere
Won ni ki won sakaale ebo ni sise
Ori nikan0nikan ni nbe leyin ti nsebo
Ebo Ori waa da ladaju
Nje Ori gbona j'Orisa
Ori ma gbona j'Orisa
Ori nikan-nikan lo ko won l'Apeere
Ko si Orisa to to nii gbe
Leyin Ori eni
Ori gbona j'Orisa

He who prints the chalk on the back of crocodile
He was the Awo who cast Ifa for the 401 Irunmole
When going to Apere (a state of perfection)
He who prints the chalk on the back of crocodile
The Awo of Ori who cast Ifa for Ori
When Ori was going to Apere
They were all advised to offer sacrifice
Only Ori responded by offering the sacrifice
The sacrifice of Ori had been abundantly rewarded
Ori is higher then all Orisa (deities)
It is only Ori which reaches Apere, the perfect state
No other Orisa (deity) can give support
Outside of one's Ori
Ori is higher then all Orisa (deities)

If we begin our look at the ritual process of d'afa with the understanding that Ori is higher then all Orisa, it helps us to place the correct importance on the devotee and their physical location. In any D'afa, we always begin with the chanting of prayers, marking of symbols on the Opon Ifa in Iyerosun, and manipulation of the Ikin. I'll go deeper into these processes in a separate piece, but for now we'll focus on the most basic explanation of why they are done. The Opon Ifa, is essentially a portal, an opening through which one can relay the messages of Ifa to a devotee. In Otura-rera (Otura Ogunda) Ifa says:

Igbo teere kan ko
Odan teere kan do
Ona were-were-were kan ibi a n re
Dia fun Alaiku
Omo ayelohun kere
Oruko ti aa pe Opon-Ifa
Won ni ko rubo si laiku araa re
o gbe'bo, o rubo
Ko pe ko jinna
E wa ba ni laiku kangiri
Aiku kangiri laa ba ni lese Ope

The slender forest reached the farmland
The slender savannah reached the brook
The small footpaths reached our destination
These were the declaration fo Ifa to Alaiku (that which will not die)
Offspring of he who possesses a strong clear voice
The name given to Opon Ifa
He was advised to offer sacrifice for longevity
He complied
Before long, not too far
join us where we enjoy everlasting life
Ever lasting life is enjoyed at the foot of Ope, the holy palm tree

The first three lines of this stanza reveal several important ideas, first that we are on a journey, but most importantly that that journey involves a change, in this case a change of scenery, but metaphorically speaking, a change in our path (as referenced in the early article on symbology with the marking of the crossroads on the Opon Ifa). The Opon Ifa represents the acknowledgment of the ever changing forces of nature and the change in Odu from one reading to the next. This is beautifully expressed in the third line where Ifa says, "the small footpaths reached our destination", which is meant to be a visual metaphor of the markings of the Odu in the Iyerosun. Like small footprints in dirt or sand, we mark the Odu on the Opon Ifa, and with the final push of our finger in the Iyerosun, we reach our final destination, the Odu which marks the energy/scenery that is present in our lives.

The stanza goes further in referencing the Opon Ifa as Alaiku (that which will not die), telling us that, no matter our own destiny to rejoin our ancestors in Orun, Opon Ifa, and by extension, Ifa, will not die, it was here before us, it will remain after. Or, as the stanza indicates "where we enjoy ever lasting life" a clear reference to Orun. And as finale, the stanza references the holy palm tree, where Ikin are gathered for use in communicating with Ifa, the medium of communication.

So it is that the Babalawo first awakens the spirit of the Opon Ifa, through prayers, and the markings of certain symbols upon it. After that process, the Awo Ifa awakens the spirit of Ifa through the Ikin which were given to people so that they may communicate with Ifa in order that they may know their destinies and have a means to correct/perfect them. The Babalawo begins with the ritual counting, ensuring that he has only 16 Ikin, which represent the 16 Major Odu Ifa (meji's). Through a variety of gestures/movements done while praying, the Babalawo awakens the spirit of Ifa within the Ikin, which are considered to be Ifa's mouthpieces (in the same way the cowrie(merindinlogun) are mouthpieces of the Orisa). The vibrations of the chants, spoken from an Awo who has been initiated, combined with the rubbing of the consecrated Ikin in their hands and on the Opon Ifa, are the rituals for arousing Ifa so that Ifa may birth/reveal for the devotee the Odu and the Odu's energies which are affecting them and their destiny at that moment.

We now arrive at a critical moment with regards to our question. We understand that Ifa is meant to reveal peoples destinies to them, and help them navigate the difficult waters so they may achieve happiness and success in life. Though we know that Ifa is everywhere and embodies all knowledge, the babalawo, just before casting Ifa, gives the Ikin to the devotee to hold, pray to, and finally touch their head (Ori) and their chest. It's this seemingly small, but extremely significant act which acknowledges the importance of the devotee in D'afa. By praying to the Ikin, and by touching our Ori with them, we let Ifa know that it is the devotee's Ori's destiny which is in question, and upon that question Ifa must answer. This is the first in a series of critical steps that are required for Ori to make so that Ifa may focus on the questions at hand and also so that the first Odu cast by the Babalawo is for the person's Ori, and their Ori alone. It is also the moment in which a person's Ori gives consent to the D'afa and as we are reminded in Ogunda Meji:

Ori pele
Atete niran
atete gb'ni koosa
Ko soosa ti i da ni i gbe
Leyin Ori eni

Ori, I hail you
You who do not forget your devotees
Who blesses devotees more quickly then the other Orisas
No Orisa blesses a man
Without consent of his Ori

Once the first Odu is marked on the Iyerosun, the energy of the Odu which is manifesting is made clear, like footprints in sand show the direction and destination of a person. At this point, the Babalawo, and Ifa actively engage the person's Ori in order to determine whether the energy of the Odu comes with ire or ibi (osogbo for lucumi pracitioners) through use of the Ibo (determinants). Here it becomes critical for the person to be actively engaged in the process of d'afa, because what most people don't understand, is that the process of d'afa is as much about consulting Ifa as it is about consulting one's Ori (as noted in the above Odu). And further, one's Ori (though their choice of destiny, and through their choices made here on earth) can bring about ibi, avoid ibi, achieve ire and ruin ire. This is made clear in the Odu Oyekun Meji which says:

Owo ewe o to pepe
Ti agbalagba o wo akeregbe
Ishe ewe be agba
Ki o ma she ko mo
Gbogboo wa ni a nishe a jo mbe 'raa wa
A dia fun Orunmila
Eyi ti akapoo re
O pe lejo lodo Olodumare
Olodumaree waa rannshe si Orunmila
Pe ki o waa so idi naa
Ti ko fi gbe akapoo re
Nigba ti Orunmila de iwaju Olodumare
O ni oun sa gbogbo agbara oun fun akapo
O ni Ipin akapo ni o gbo
nigba naa ni oro naa
Too waa ye Olodumare yekeyeke
Inuu re si dun
Pe oun ko da ejo eekun kan

A child is not tall enough to stretch his hand and reach the high shelf
An adults hands can not enter the mouth of a gourd
The work an adult begs a child to do
Let him not refuse to do
We all have work to do for each others good
Ifa divination was performed for Orunmila
About whom his devotee
Would make complaint to Olodumare
Olodumare then sent for Orunmila
To explain the reason why
He did not support his devotee
When Orunmila got to the presence of Olodumare
He explained that he had done all in his power for his devotee
But that the destiny chosen by the devotee made his efforts fruitless
It was then that the matter
Became quite clear to Olodumare
And he was happy
That he did not pronounce his judgment on the evidence of only one of the two parties.

We see that even Orunmila can not change someone who has chosen bad Ipin (destiny), be it while on Aiye, or before coming to earth in Orun at the house of Ajala. So it is critical at this point that Ori (and by extension Ori Inu or spiritual head) be present in order that you first, are connecting Ori to Ifa so that they may communicate, secondly that your Ori is there to communicate it's own wishes and knowledge of your destiny through the manipulation of the Ibo (determinants i.e. small rock, cowrie, seed, efun etc. that are given to you to see if Ire or Osogbo occur and yes/no questions), and lastly, so that once you have that knowledge, your Ori can assist in the process of appropriate ebo, addimu, ewoo to bring ire and avoid osogbo (again through usage of the Ibo). And, we are further reminded, though we might desire a certain result, if our Ori is not in alignment with destiny, we may not be able to achieve it regardless of Ebo, intention or desire, which is no fault of the Babalawo.

This I believe outlines the interplay between Ifa and Ori Inu, and shows the importance of being physically present when D'afa is performed, so that the revelations of Ifa are clear and in alignment with the Ori Inu and Ipin of the person. Certainly, being Eleri Ipin (witness to creation) and holding all the knowledge of the world, Ifa doesn't "need" the person to know what's goin on. However, in order that the person's Ori Inu is in alignment with Ifa, it's critical that it be present to represent itself, and fully hear and respond to the revelation Ifa makes for it. It is this interactive process, that makes the Ifa oracle an accurate and responsive form of divination truly like no other.

Are there exceptions? Can "distance" D'afa be performed?

Yes, however these are just that, exceptions. They should not be a regular form of divination and in my opinion performed only by people you have a formal connection to. Ideally, i believe that one should also have a metaphysical connection to the Babalawo and their Ifa through initiations like Isefa, Awofakan, Ikofa, Itefa, so that Ifa has made a formal recognition of your acceptance of the practice, and there is a metaphysical link to the Ikin that will be used to divine for you. But I stress that these should be exceptions and not normal practice. Receiving divination by phone or email separates the devotee and their Ori Inu from the process, and as we know in all Orisa practices, the physical connection to the Orisa is as important as the metaphysical one. If it were not, we could simply initiate ourselves and declare that we are priests, which we all know, is not possible, only Orunmila is the one who we do not know who initiated. An excerpt for the Odu Ogbe Ate states:

Orunmila was the person who initiated Akoda
He also initiated Asheda
He equally initiated Araba
Only Orunmila Abonniregun
Was the person we do not know who initiated
Now, after I have been initiated
I will complement it with self initiation
All those things that are my taboos
I will surely avoid them
I had been initiated
I will re-initiate myself, by myself...

Odabo,
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Vengance shall be mine . . . righteous living.

2008-02-05T15:33:00.001+01:00

aboru aboye aboshishe,

One topic which is not often discussed is that of righteous living, specifically as it relates to the idea of ultimate payment for our actions here on Aiye (earth) or in the afterlife in Orun (heaven). While seeming a judeo-christian concept, these are in fact ideas which permeate many religions, including Ifa. For instance, Ifa says;

Ogunda bede (Ogunda Ogbe)

Eke a pa elekee
Odale a pa Odale
Oun ti a ba se nisale ile
Oju Olodumare nii too
Dia fun Amookun-se-ole
To ni oba aye ko ri oun
Bi oba aye ko ri o nko
Oju Olodumare nwo o

Lying (gossiping) will kill the liar
Betrayal will kill the betrayer
Whatever you do in a hidden place
Almighty Olodumare is aware of
These are the declarations of the oracle to
he-who-uses-cover-of-darkness-to-steal
And he says nobody takes notice
If worldly kings did not see you
Almighty Olodumare is looking at you

Certainly, here we are left with the clear idea that although our transgression may not be viewed by the authorities, there is a divine authority, Olodumare, which will take notice and exercise justice in the end. Though I have not yet found Odu regarding the gate of heaven where we dig our "pit of sorrows" as noted by Chief Elebuibon in "The Healing Power of Sacrifice", I do believe that there is a link to between our earthly activities and our digging and subsequent filling of our pit of sorrows. I believe it's in the pit of sorrows that we dig for the transgression that we have committed in earlier incarnations, hoping to avoid those problems again. And finally after our digging and filling, we are allowed to incarnate on aiye once again. The idea of incarnation is clarified for us in the Odu Ika Ofun, which states:

Aje bori ogbon
Otosi so opo oro
A bu ni lole omo oun ti nse'ni
A kunle a yan eda
A dele aye tan
Oju n kan gbogbo wa
Eda ose pada loo yan omiran
Ayafi bi a taye wa

Wealth surpasses wisdom
A poor person utters ineffective words
Those who castigate us as being lazy do not understand our predicaments
We knelt down and chose our destiny (in heaven)
While on earth
We are all in a hurry
We cannot go and change our destiny
Unless we re-incarnate

And so Ifa clearly creates a link between our incarnations and those deeds which we make. But while our own Ori can only be blamed for our wrong doing, Ifa reminds us that Olodumare is watching our every move. Further in the Odu Ogbe Ate, Ifa states:

Bi iwaju ika ba dara
Eyin ika ko nii sunwon
A kii fi ika di eru ko gun gege
Dia fun otito-inu
Omo otite afitele tireletirele
Olodumare lo ni ile
Olodumare lo ni Idajo
Esan ni ti Olodumare
Oba mi yoo san-an-fun onikaluku
Gege bi ishe owo won

Even if the lifetime of wrong-doing is pleasant
the end of wickedness will not be good
we can not use evil to secure goods and expect them to be anchored firmly
These were the teachings of Ifa for the upright one
the offspring of the initiated one who treads the earth with humbleness
Olodumare is the lord of the land
Olodumare is the owner of judgement
Retributions belongs to Olodumare
The king of the world will reward everyone
precisely according to the work of their hands.

This last Odu is particularly interesting because it has a rather biblical tone to it. Some might say that perhaps this was a biblical influence on Ifa. However, others might say, perhaps Ifa had an influence on the Bible? Certainlly we know Ifa is old enough... And yet others might say it's mere coincidence, since these seem to be themes that are shared across many religions including those of non-judeo christian origin.

I certainly believe that the idea of a just God that is the eventual judge and jury can be the production of a logical mind. If we are the weak, it gives us hope that we might in the end receive justice. If we are the strong, it too has logic, in that it stops those that might be more powerful then us, that they give pause when trying to do wrong to us, as there is almost always someone who is more powerful ...

Ifa as a corpus, I think is meant to reflect all the possibility in people, and reflect those traits that can help people as a race survive. Ifa is, in essence a guide to self preservation, created by Olodumare for man . . . only the Yoruba called it, aligning yourself with your destiny. For if preservation of the race is not our destiny, we can only be destined to die. And that's no good.

Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

To Give . . .

2008-02-01T11:17:00.001+01:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

A recent conversation claiming that only Africans and African descendants were allowed to practice Ifa left me a bit sad. On reading Odu this morning, I came across this Odu which hit me deeply and left me feeling heavy.

Oworin Odi

Gba ohun iye; danii
Gba lailewu
Bi a ba bi eni
K'a fi ohun naa fun olohun
Ire ni aigba fun ara eni
Won ni: t'o a ba ri won
Eniti nfi ojun fun olojun
Ko ma yee ni lowo

Accept a thing of value and hold on to it
Keep it safe
and when we are asked for it,
we should give the thing to its owner
Goodness lies in not keeping it for ourselves
they said: May we see our ancestors
and that anyone who returns things to their owner
Will never be empty handed.

Orunmila gave Ifa to all the people of the world, so that they may always have a way to fix their problems and align themselves with their destinies. May those of us that have been given Ifa to hold, keep it safe and give it back to the people, that we and they never be empty handed or left without a way to help themselves.

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

On being Awo Ifa

2008-01-27T00:41:00.001+01:00

I was asked what is means to be a Babalawo, to which I responded:

Orunmila was the only true Babalawo, we can only stand in light hoping that before the sun sets our shadow will match even a fraction of his stature.

Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Further thoughts on Odu Ifa and cultural relativism

2008-01-18T19:06:00.001+01:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

As I read one of my books this morning I had alot of really interesting revelations, one of which surrounded this idea of Odu and cultural relativism. I do believe there is much truth in the understanding that certainly not every Odu is meant to be universally accepted as law/mandate. And that in fact, I believe a priests main obligation, aside from worship, helping others, and divining, is to interpret the will of Ifa. As a backdrop to further this idea let's discuss Ifa's apparent support of slavery in the Odu Ogbe-shee (Ogbe Oshe)

Oju ti a pon Awo, aponku ko
Osi ti n ta Awo, atala ni
Bo ba pe titi
Aso Feyin ti
A o foro yii serin rin
A o na'se mejeeji gboro-gboro-gboro
Dia Fun Orisanla Oseeremagbo
Ti yoo loo f'aro sakora eru
Won ni k sakaale, ebo ni sise
O gbegbo, o rubo
Nje eru ti mo ra funfun lo nse
Eru ti mo ra lo la mi
Eru ti mo ra, funfun lo nse o

The suffering of an Awo is not forever
The poverty of an Awo shall turn to prosperity
Before long, we shall recline in comfort
And laugh over this matter
These were the declarations of Ifa to Orisanla Oseeremagbo
When going to but a cripple as his first slave
He was advised to offer sacrifice
He complied
Now, the slave I bought is a nice slave
The slave I bought had brought me prosperity
The slave I bought is a nice slave

--------
Clearly this Odu establishes slavery as an accepted Yoruba practice, and provides for remedies to deal with an ill-mannered/bad slave. This would of course be the obvious and literal interpretation and also establishes as codified in Ifa's tenets, the history that the Yoruba were active participants in the slave trade, playing a key role in the middle passage. Just as with the dilemmas raised by literal interpretations of the Bible, we have to consider deeply and profoundly what Ifa is trying to say. Is it condoning slavery at all times? Or, is it simply using the language of the day to show a culturally and contextually relevant message, from which we can extract our own message, leaving out that which is no longer socially acceptable?

As a Babalawo, and a person of the 21st century, slavery is not acceptable to me, nor to the social norms that surround me. That said, the interpretation of this Odu would be that Ifa is trying to say two important things. One, the Awo (which would represent the adherent being divined for) may be having a difficult time, but Ifa says this will not last forever. Two, the adherent has a problem with people who work directly for them (and who probably are direct reports) and the only way to deal with this problem is by doing ebo, and by remembering that they need to have patience (suffering is not forever). These are today's messages of Ifa for this Odu.

I go through the exercise of interpretation to make a point, Ifa is fluid, and while certainly I believe there are some moral absolutes, Ifa is not so rigid as to think that everything must be taken literally and verbatim. Because of the changing environment, almost all Odu Ifa require some level of interpretation be it major, such as this, or minor to get its point across. Whoever thinks of Ifa as black and white misses the beauty and difficulty in trying to comprehend infinity.

Odabo
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Treatise on Ebori and Ori: Feeding your Soul

2008-01-01T17:21:00.001+01:00

In today's world of speed and complexity, we often hear people talking about how one should "feed one's soul." Even more often in American culture we hear about soul food, that home cooking that warms the belly and nourishes the body, and is so closely associated with the Southern African American culture. Two ubiquitous but seemingly disconnected ideas; one a metaphor, the other a cuisine. Where do they come from? Well, I can't tell you for sure, and I imagine that many cultures have their own version of these ideas. What I can tell you is that they are absolutely Yoruba theological concepts, and soul food, an outgrowth of the African American experience (many of whom descended from Yoruba slaves), holds a strong connection to Yoruba theology.

Section I: Ori

Let's start with the Yoruba concept of Ori. While its literal meaning is "head," there is also a more esoteric meaning for the followers of the Orisa tradition. Ori is in fact the closest equivalent in Orisa theology to one's soul, as evidenced most clearly by the idea that Ori chooses one's destiny. When one's Ori is in Orun, awaiting to make its descent to Earth, it goes before Olodumare to receive its vocation and pick the destiny it (Ori) will fulfill on Earth with Orunmila as witness (Eleri Ipin -- witness to creation). These two steps are included in the seven overall steps taken by Ori before its descent to Earth, as written in the Odu Ogbe 'yonu: 1. having d'afa performed by heavenly Awo, 2. performing prescribed ebo, 3. receiving one's vocation and ewoo, 4. getting to the gate of heaven, 5. digging one's "ditch of losses," 6. filling that ditch with one's gains, and finally 7. choosing one's destiny and Ori at the house of Ajala (Obatala Alamo ti i mo -- Obatala, the clay owner that molds destiny). For more on this process see: "The Healing Power of Sacrifice" by Chief Yemi Elebuibon.

During the process of choosing one's destiny at Ajala's castle, one has the opportunity to pick from a variety of pottery heads, but not all are equal, some are deformed, some are fragile and weak, some are half baked, and some are well made. It is quite difficult to discern the differences in heads, and we are told to look to Ifa for guidance in our choice before and eventually afterwards on Earth (since Orunmila was witness, Ifa can reveal the deficiencies and prescribe sacrifices/actions to strengthen one's Ori and fulfill one's destiny). This idea is reflected in Yoruba culture's use of the words Oloriire and Olori Buburu (owner of fortunate Ori, owner of bad Ori).

After incarnating on Earth, one's destiny is forgotten, and our lives are spent attempting to find and fulfill it while on Earth. There doesn't appear to be specific reference to descending and ascending levels of destiny, but there is an assumption that one will choose a destiny that is befitting of the ideals of Iwa pele and Iwa rere (cool character, gentle character) which can be seen in the Odu Irete Ofun. It can also be safely assumed that picking a destiny that is positive and fulfills many of the ideals set forth in Odu Ifa (helping those less fortunate, helping one's community, bettering oneself, etc) is best.

This assumption also plays a part in how one becomes revered Egun and eventually Orisa. Unbeknownst to many in the diaspora, Orisa and Isheshe are an expanding corpus of beings. Through one's actions, one may become a revered Egun and, after many years of being worshipped, may become Orisa. Demonstrating the positive choices of one's Ori can raise it even in death, so that even Orisa have Ori (thus linking the words Ori and Orisa). It also clarifies the traditional Yoruba view of Ori as being elevated with respect to any Orisa, because even Orisa have Ori, and their Ori guide them. Ori may be foreign to many in the diaspora, but it's important to understand that, through making poor choices, our Ori can in fact trump even the best laid plans and guidance offered to us by Orisa.

The odu Irete Ofun says:
Atefun-tefun
Dia fun Okanlenirino Irunmole
Won nlo sode Apere
Atefun-tefun eyin oni
Awo Ori lo dia fun Ori
Ori nlo sode Apere
Won ni ki won sakaale ebo ni sise
Ori nikan0nikan ni nbe leyin ti nsebo
Ebo Ori waa da ladaju
Nje Ori gbona j'Orisa
Ori ma gbona j'Orisa
Ori nikan-nikan lo ko won l'Apeere
Ko si Orisa to to nii gbe
Leyin Ori eni
Ori gbona j'Orisa

He who prints the chalk on the back of crocodile
He was the Awo who cast Ifa for the 401 Irunmole
When going to Apere (a state of perfection)
He who prints the chalk on the back of crocodile
The Awo of Ori who cast Ifa for Ori
When Ori was going to Apere
They were all advised to offer sacrifice
Only Ori responded by offering the sacrifice
The sacrifice of Ori had been abundantly rewarded
Ori is higher then all Orisa (deities)
It is only Ori which reaches Apere, the perfect state
No other Orisa (deity) can give support
Outside of one's Ori
Ori is higher then all Orisa (deities)

This Odu not only solidifies the understanding that Ori is a separate being, but that Ori is the highest of all Irunmole, and the one who remembered to perform sacrifice for its salvation. There are two other important things to note in this Odu. First, it introduces the idea of the perfect state and the notion that attaining the perfect state is something that Ori and all beings strive towards. This is a critically important concept that is sometimes forgotten in the diaspora. The second, is that it introduces the idea that the Ori is the one thing that can support one. My interpretation is that, while Orisa may be able to affect things, ultimately, one's Ori is the most important thing to have working in support of the goal of achieving the state of perfection. Without its support, even Orisa can't save you.

We further see evidence of Ori's place in theology in the Odu Ogunda Oworin:

Okun kun nore nore
Osa kun legb-lebge
Ol'Owa nr'Owa
Alasan nr'Asan
Agba imole wo ehun oro, o ri pe ko sunwon
O gi irunmu d'imu yayaya
O gi irungbon di aya pen-pen-pen
D'ifa fun isheshe merin
Ti won nse olori oro n'Ife
"Nje, kinni a baa bo ni Ifa?"
Isheshe ni a ba bo, ki a to bo Orisa
Baba eni ni isheshe eni
Iya eni ni isheshe eni
Ori eni ni isheshe eni
Ikin eni ni isheshe eni
Odumare ni Isheshe
Isheshe, mo juba ki nto s'ebo

The ocean is full
The lake is full
Travelers proceed to Owa (a town)
Travelers journey to Asan (a town; in other words, people travel to their destinations)
An elder considers the everlasting effect of a statement and realizes that it is bad
He covers his nose with his mustache
He covers his chest with his beard
Divined for the four primordial energies
Leaders of the sacred cult in Ile Ife (the ancient tradition, reference to Ogboni)
"O! who should we worship?"
The primordial forces should be appeased first before appeasing the Orisa
One's father is one's primordial force
One's mother is one's primordial force
One's Ori is one's primordial force
One's Ikin Ifa is one's primordial force
God is a primordial force
Primordial forces, I give my reverence before I perform ebo

Again we see that Ori is placed above even Orisa and ancient customs dictate that one praise first their Isheshe (mother/father (one's egun), Ori, Ikin (Ifa), and God), for without them we don't exist. Further, we have to acknowledge that Ori is a force that is reborn as we try to fulfill our destiny, hopefully learning with each incarnation, as is shown by the Yoruba names Babtunde/Yeyetunde (father/mother returns) given to those children who through divination are seen to be reincarnated ancestors.

Seeing this evidence, it appears that Ori is:

An entity in and of itself
That which chooses our destiny
That which chooses what is to become our Earthly head
That to which we must pray for guidance
An entity which is so closely associated with us/our being/body, that you can't in fact separate the two, though clearly it is also something that transcends traditional ideas of "consciousness"
An entity that we worship
An entity that transcends our worldly selves and travels back and forth to Orun

Section II: The Soul

Merriam-Webster's definition of the word "soul" is:

soul
Pronunciation: \ˈsōl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English soule, from Old English sāwol; akin to Old High German sēula soul
Date: before 12th century
1: the immaterial essence, animating principle, or actuating cause of an individual life 2 a: the spiritual principle embodied in human beings, all rational and spiritual beings, or the universe 3: a person's total self

If we look at the Yoruba concept of Ori and compare it to this definition, it seems fair to say that Ori is in fact the Yoruba concept of the "soul." So how does this tie into "feeding the soul" and "soul food"?

In order for our Ori to fulfill its destiny and rise above any pitfalls that may occur by chance or design (through our choice of destiny), it is important to consult Ifa, adhere to Ifa's advice and, when appropriate, offer the sacrifice (ebo). In other words, we cannot simply walk through life and let things happen -- we have to take an active role. We must act in order to advance ourselves and our Ori. Without action, Ori is stagnant. Action can take many forms, literal and symbolic, from observing ewoo, to performing certain acts, changing our behavior, and leaving a food offering. Whatever the action, it is a source of energy for us and our Ori. That's why in the Odu Irete Meji it's said:

Iwo ote
Emi Ote
D'ifa fun baba a lese ire
Ma a l'ori ire
Won ni ko ru'bo si ilaiku ara re
O ru'bo
Ko i pe
Koi jina
E wa ba wa laiku kangere

You are a presser (an initiate)
I am a presser
Divined for the Baba with good feet
but not with a good Ori (destiny)
he was advised to make ebo for good fortune
He made the ebo
Not too long
Soon after
Join us in everlasting lives

Ifa let's us know that with a good foundation (feet) even if our Ori (destiny) is not good we can make ebo (sacrifice) in order to lead a fruitful and fulfilling life. As I mention in earlier articles, it's important to understand that ebo is sacrifice, and that sacrifice is performed not only by "giving" something tangible, but sacrifice can also be an action. Ifa reminds us of the idea that we are responsible for our deeds in the Odu Irosun'geda:

Aja sunwon, aja fideyin
Agbo sunwon ti roro
Agbo ti o sunwon ka lo ile
Ka lo re e magbo bo baba eni
A difa fun ori, a bu fun iwa
Won jo n torun bo waye
Iwa lapo gbe wa re bo n rele aye
Tara gbe iwa re pon
Iwa lapo gbe iwa re

The dog is beautiful up to the teeth
The ram is beautiful up to the dewlap
A ram without a dewlap is better to be offered
as a sacrifice to ancestors
Divination was performed for Ori and character
Who both traveled from heaven to the world
Deeds are sacks; carry your own

Ifa also reminds us in Ogbe Yeku that we should adhere to advice:

Eni taa pe ko rubo
To ba rubo
Lose de ara re ara re lo se de
Eni ta a ni ko se rere
To ba se rere
Lo se de, ara re lo se de
Eni ta a pe ko rubo, ti ko rubo
Lo se de, ara re, ara re lo se de

Whoever is told to perform a sacrifice
If he performs it
He does so for himself
Whoever is told to be good
If he is good
He does so for himself
Whoever is told to perform sacrifice but refuses to do so
Does so at his own risk

So what, you are probably still asking, does all of this have to do with soul food and feeding the soul? We've established that Ori is the Yoruba equivalent to the soul, and Ebori is the ceremony in which one "feeds" one's Ori, thus "feeding the soul." Feeding and praying to one's Ori is prescribed time and time again in Odu Ifa, because the soul, like all other things in life, needs to be attended to. Nothing is self-sustaining, food strengthens us, strengthens our Orisa and that bond, and so we must do Ebori in order to strengthen our Ori. While Ebori includes foods/blood offering/prayer, feeding one's Ori is also accomplished by actions and the performance of good deeds. We strengthen our Ori by taking the time to do something for our Ori, taking the time to do something for ourselves, observing our Ewoo, enhancing our knowledge, being compassionate and also taking time to do something for others and our community.

And so it is that the Yoruba were very likely among the first people to capture the idea of soul food, or feeding the soul, as a quintessential part of their theology. Our actions can elevate our Ori on their road to becoming revered ancestors. We should remember, at the end of the day "we can't take it with us," and we must evolve so that our Ori is worthy of being a shoulder upon which our future generations can stand. Nourish your Ori, feed it well.

Ela moyin 'boru, Ela moyin 'boye, Ela moyin 'boshishe
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez
with inspiration from my apetebii Ifatolu

The ever expanding corpus of wisdom we call Ifa

2007-12-09T15:19:00.000+01:00

The ever expanding corpus of wisdom we call Ifa.

We should start this conversation with a well known mantra I've repeated many times: Within Ifa is housed all the wisdom and knowledge of the world past, present, and future. Acknowledging this statement as a truth, we eventually have to ask the question, does the corpus of Ifa Ese/Iyere/Oriki/Ofo expand, and how does that happen?

As a conversation starter I'd like to remind us of the old adage, "there's nothing new under the sun", which I believe holds true for peoples interactions with each other. While certainly there are new inventions, and we find out new things everyday, if we look at the interactions between people; love, hate, war, jealousy, passion, peace, these all seem to have been themes amongst all people from time immemorial as we see in the painting of the pyramids, the bible, the writings of Plato, and most importantly for those reading this, Odu Ifa.

If we can, but for a moment, raise ourselves above our given situation, we are apt to see one of these themes projecting itself on us. So in that way, Odu Ifa, when interpreted by ourselves or a priest, can show us the outcome, warn us of the pitfalls and provide us with a solution to our quandary. And so this leads in to our first question, does the Ifa as a corpus expand?

I believe that like all things in life, yes. it does. Though the larger themes remain, once we get into the details of interpretation of these issues, there is fluidity as can most aptly be seen in the examples of infanticide of twins, slavery and human sacrifice. We have clear evidence that infanticide was practiced based on the idea that twins were considered to be an abomination of nature. Not until the reign of Sango (Shango) was the practiced banned, and the view on twins reversed. Human sacrifice was documented (as with every culture at some point in time) and not halted until some say as late as the late 1800s in some remote areas. Slavery was also a very common practice among the Yoruba until the late 19th, early 20th century's. Ifa has to grow and morph in order to stay consistent and relevant to its followers. Clearly, morality can change, and that change is reflected in Odu Ifa.

Ifa, as all religions, is not an immutable force. There are larger issues which goes beyond the growth and development of Odu Ifa, such as the meaning and interpretation of ese Ifa, how that affects ritual and liturgy, and when has something gone "too far" or is no longer culturally relevant. These are critical issues when thinking about not only the advancement, but propagation and long term survival prospects for the Orisa traditions. Without any central authority and an increasing gap in practices from "ile to ile" one has to wonder how long the bonds of cohesion can continue without a significant break. I would argue that already, whether acknowledged or not, there are changes that have occurred, marking distinction between the cuban lucumi and US lucumi worship and between US traditional Yoruba and Nigerian traditional Yoruba worship. That assessment is based on my conversations with several elders of Cuban decent (ie, having lived in cuba for a large part of their lives before moving here), conversations with my Oluwo in Ibadan, and my observations of US practices (people like Philip Niemark of American Ifa).

William Bascom touches on the idea of cultural relativism when says "Each listing (of Odu Ifa) reflects deities of importance locally, suggesting considerable regional cariation in the Ifa verses because of their adaptation to local belief systems" (p.45 Ifa divination). After which he goes on to cite verses that are similar, but with different deities based on where they come from.

So if we agree that while the themes of Ifa (love, hate, etc) may be finite, the ways in which they manifest in our lives are unlimited and with great variation. It now becomes important to ask the question, how do Patakin/Ese Ifa develop? Again we note William Bascom in "Ifa Divination" where he says:

"A Meko (area in Nigeria) diviner explained that new verses are learned when one dreams the he is divining; when on awakes in the morning, he repeats what he did in his dreams. This is confirmed by Epega, who says that new verses may be derived from dreams, and also that some individuals are born with Ifa verses "inside them," so that as soon as they are taught the figures and a few verses of Ifa, they introduce new verses. Thus while no new figures can ever be added, there is no end to the knowledge of Ifa (Epega, n.d.: XVI, 6). If new verses can be introduced from dreams or through individual creativity, it is clear that all cerses need not be derived fromt he corpus of African Folklore." --Ifa divination, William Bascom P.137

While I believe this practice to be true of traditional Yoruba Babalawo, I don't believe lucumi Awo Ifa would agree, though, arguably something happened as evidenced by certain lucumi verses that either do not conform to traditional verse or use items/people/situations that would be completely foreign to Yoruba culture (espiritismo, palo, homosexuality, modern inventions). This idea of dream teaching is supported In Chief Elebuibon's (a well known Babalawo) book "Iyere Ifa: Tonal poerty, the voice of Ifa" in which he mentions this under the section talking about memorizing Ifa:

"It is a belief that the acolyte or priest memorizes these verses, his capacity to memorize is increased every day. Ajagunmole (he-who-teaches-the priest-through-dreams) is the great Ifa priest in heaven. He holds the responsibility for guiding the righteous and the upright by giving them retentive memory. It is believed that those who lose their memory or are unable to recite the Odu very well might have offended Ajagunmole." (Chapter 8, p101)

In supporting the idea of dream learning, and possible creation of new Ese Ifa, he takes it one step further in creating a divine link between heaven and earth though which Ifa verse is transmitted from Orun to Aiye.

Further, Bascom in the end of his work "Ifa Divination" recites several "Ese Ifa" that specifically talk about whites (europeans) and modern inventions such as trains and flashlights. These are classic examples of new additions. What is interesting though, is that he added it under a section labeled "parodies" (clearly not giving it the same weight) and not under the corresponding Odu, perhaps his own particular judgment on the merit of these particular verses. If, however, one were to conform to the style of other Odu more strictly, and not use "modern" terms/objects, it would be difficult to detect and thus enter the Odu Corpus without objection.

From a philosophical perspective, if we combine the fact that humans can only memorize so much, and Odu encompasses all knowledge past, present and future, it should be no surprise that the Corpus gets updated (as evidenced by many lucumi patakin) and added to. It seems to me that being an oral tradition alone makes the process highly susceptible to purposeful or inadvertent change, whether people want to acknowledge it or not (play a game of telephone to illustrate this). Clearly, if you've sat in a lucumi Ita (and I've sat in at least 20 or so, with 5 different Oriates including esteemed Cuban elders with 55+ years of Osha and relative newcomers with only 18 years as a priest) you can see that things have been added to the Odu corpus (not Ifa in this case). You will hear about jesus, doing "misas", getting rayado in palo, the Abakua, etc, and in Traditional Yoruba Ifa you may hear about Muslims or Christians. This is clearly interpretation or the addition of cultural relevance to the process.

Whether we like it or not, we are subjects of doublespeak when talking about the purity of our practice on the one hand, then complaining about invented Orisa, or accepting certain things which are clearly european/judeo christian influences on the other. Further, we see that this is an evolutionary and changing practice simply by looking at the process of becoming Orisa. I say this because at least as I was taught in the lucumi tradition, Orisa were not an expanding rank. However, when I read some Yoruba theology and eventually had a conversation with my Oluwo, I came to understand that actually, Orisa are not so stagnant, and in theory at least, there can be additions to the Orisa we worship. A person dies, eventually they might be worshiped as Egun, after many many years that egun might eventually become Orisa. This of course is perfectly supported by all Orisa practitioners (lucumi and traditional Yourba) acceptance of the Orisa Sango, who we all know and acknowledge was a deified King.

Both the traditional Yoruba and lucumi practices are equally prone to these issues. The real question is how will the clergy control this evolution and what practices are accepted, and which are not, in such a way that doesn't jeopardize the integrity of the Ifa.

Aboru aboye aboshishe,
Ifalola

Sacred Odu Ifa texts and rituals, what is our responsibility?

2007-12-03T13:14:00.000+01:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

In a recent dialog, I was confronted with non-Ifa priests (though priests of other Orisa) who condoned the reading of sacred Ifa Awo (secrets). I realized that perhaps there needs to be a clarification, at least of my interpretation on Odu Ifa and ritual. The issue here is not the public knowledge of the stories/religious texts of Odu Ifa (ie the ese Ifa / patakin / Iyere etc.), on that I am clear. As texts, stand alone, they are important works that in their own way should be preserved by all, for all. In fact, as was correctly pointed out by another Orisa priest, when one goes to an Ita, or has an Ifa divination performed, even the uninitiated will hear the Ese/patakin. This is part of the basis comes for people being able to learn ese Ifa before initiation in the traditional Yoruba context (the other is training as the start of religious life, instead of initiation). Additionally, whether this priest realized it or not, he pointed out there is a tacit acceptance of this policy by lucumi Awo Ifa, since an aleyo, can in fact, potentially memorize or at least paraphrase an Ese ifa chanted/spoken in a divination session.

These religious texts, or as i think of them, the word of Ifa, are divinely inspired texts that explain human nature to humankind. These are in fact the domain of all people. In that we agree. They should be shared and analyzed and studied for their meaning both physical and spiritual. From this point on though my opinion on public availability stops.

Beyond the word of Ifa lies the inner realm, a realm whose study is the sole purpose of the Ifa priesthood. Within this realm lies both the inner esoteric meanings of the word of Ifa and the rituals which have been created by the priesthood in order to amplify, contain or diminish the energies which the Odu summon. These divine and sacred rituals have been created through divine inspiration, interpretation of Odu Ifa and observation of heavenly and earthly signs. This art and science contains powerful rituals and observations that are not meant for the uninitiated because they have not been trained in their use, and in how to counter their potentially damaging effects. In theory, Ifa priests should be ethical practitioners, and are bound to heed the word of Ifa and Ifa's code of ethics as prescribed in many Odu, which is another safe guard in their use. We see this oath in the holy Odu Iwori Meji:

Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Bi o ba te Ita tan
Ki o tun iye e re te
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi eja igba gun ope
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi aimowe wo odo
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi ibinu yo obe
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma ji kanjukanju jaye
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi warawara mkun ola
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, maseke, sodale
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma puro jaye
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma se igberaga si agba
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma so ireti nu
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma san bante Awo
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, bi o ba tefa tan
Ki o tun iye e re te o
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni

English
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
If you undergo Ifa initiation (Itelodu)
Endeavor to use your wisdom and intelligence
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not use a broken rope to climb a palm-tree
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do no enter into the river without knowing how to swim
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not draw a knife in anger
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not be in haste to enjoy your life
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not be in a hurry to acquire wealth
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not lie, do not be treacherous
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not deceive in order to enjoy your life
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not be arrogant to elders
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not lose hope
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not make love to your colleague's spouse
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, when you have been given Ifa initiation
Initiate yourself again by using your wisdom and intelligence
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you

Here, my view is clear, Non-awo Ifa are not bound in the same way to these code of ethics (we take an oath to Odu and Ifa, which has horrible consequences when broken), they are also not trained to deal with these rituals and their consequences, and most important, may make grave errors for lack of training and initiation, resulting in horrible problems for them, and their clients should they be acting on their behalf. For these reasons, these rituals and inner meanings are not meant for Ifa laypeople (ie., any person who is not an Ifa priest, including priests of other Orisa). These same arguments could also be made for the secret rituals, inner meanings of other Orisa priests, but for this moment I only speak of Ifa.

Respect for this sacred and holy knowledge should be upheld for without respect, we have nothing and will surely end up worse then when we started. I would call upon people to lead by example, if not, your example will only end up creating confusion and shows little respect for those whose shoulder you yourself are standing on.

Respectfully,
Ifalola

Discourse on meaning and symbology in the Ifa Divination System

2007-11-14T16:26:00.003+01:00

I would like to start this discourse with a few simple questions:

If one practices Ifa, does one have to believe in the creation stories and stories of Odu Ifa?

My answers is quite simply, yes . . . but more often as metaphor then as literal. In order to clarify that statement, I'll include here the Merriam-Webster definition of a metaphor:

met·a·phor
Pronunciation: \ˈme-tə-ˌfor also -fər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English methaphor, from Middle French or Latin; Middle French metaphore, from Latin metaphora, from Greek, from metapherein to transfer, from meta- + pherein to bear — more at bear
Date: 15th century

1: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them (as in drowning in money); broadly : figurative language — compare simile2: an object, activity, or idea treated as a metaphor : symbol 2
http://m-w.com/dictionary/metaphor

Assuming this definition, I propose that priest and layperson alike must learn to decipher each and every story and determine their literal and metaphorical meanings. As priests we are burdened with the job of helping to guide this process through our knowledge and connection to Ifa and the Divine. Once those meanings are determined, the most important job is left, sorting out what is meant literally and what metaphorically. This is where the real difficulty begins, and where rifts and divergence occur, especially without the central authority as seen in many other organized religions. Though, arguably, the Araba of Ile Ife is meant to play this role, he has not attained what I see as a critical mass in recognition, that would allow him to make decisions.

This all said, I personally believe these stories were created, and subsequently modified, as contextually and culturally relevant modes of explaining complex ideas and understandings of creation, and human existence. Like the bible and other Divinely inspired human treatises, Odu Ifa are the codification of an accumulated wisdom gathered through the ages. These Itan, Ese, Iyere are then interpreted based on accepted cultural norms (cultural relativism), and presented to the adherent during divination based on the Odu revealed by Ifa. Do I believe that a rooster was lowered to the watery planet we call earth, and by scratching at the patch of dirt that was placed with him he created the mountains and land? Well, in a metaphorical sense, yes. Literally, I don't see it, but isn't it strange that before any scientific evidence (which now exists) the Yoruba first understood that the earth was a watery place? They understood that water was a requirement for existence. I also find it interesting that the chicken scratching at the earth and spreading land as a metaphor is not so dissimilar from our understanding of volcanoes spewing molten lava in violent eruptions, which became the landmasses we know today. Interesting metaphor within which lies a complex scientific comparison.

Extracted from each ese Ifa, Itan, Iyere is a kernel of knowledge, a truth, a problem laid bare and the solution to overcoming that barrier or understand that problem. Sometimes it’s done literally, sometimes in metaphor.

If we further examine the ideas of "creating and modifying" and "contextual and cultural modes" of Odu Ifa, we see Ifa, as with all religions, is not an immutable force. We are presented with a larger issue beyond development of Odu Ifa (ese, iyere, itan), which is, what does it mean to interpret ese, ritual and liturgy, and when has something gone "too far"? These are critical issues when thinking about not only the advancement, but propagation and long-term survival prospects for the Orisa traditions. Without central authority (though I alluded to one earlier) and with an increasing gap in practices from "ile to ile" one has to wonder how long the bonds of cohesion can continue without some break. It does appear that whether acknowledged or not, there are already changes that have occurred, marking a distinction between the cuban style and US style of orisa worship and perhaps even the US and Nigerian style of Orisa worship. That assessment is based on my conversations with elders of Cuban decent (ie, having lived in cuba for a large part of their lives before moving here), Oluwos in Nigeria, and my observations of US-based practitioners.

I think bascom touches on the idea of cultural relativism in his statement on ese Ifa saying "Each listing reflects deities of importance locally, suggesting considerable regional variation in the Ifa verses because of their adaptation to local belief systems" (p.45 Ifa divination). After which he goes on to cite verses that are similar, but with different deities based on where they come from . . .

As to the creation and modification of Odu Ifa, there are two noted authors that speak to it. William Bascom in "Ifa Divination" says it does happen periodically and while I believe this to be true of traditional practice, I'm not sure whether lucumi Awo Ifa would agree. Though, arguably something must have happened to allow additions of certain lucumi verse that either do not conform to traditional verse or use items/people/situations that would be completely foreign to Yoruba culture. Bascome says:

"A Meko (area in Nigeria) diviner explained that new verses are learned when one dreams he is divining; when one awakes in the morning, he repeats what he did in his dreams. This is confirmed by Epega, who says that new verses may be derived from dreams, and also that some individuals are born with Ifa verses "inside them," so that as soon as they are taught the figures and a few verses of Ifa, they introduce new verses. Thus while no new figures can ever be added, there is no end to the knowledge of Ifa (Epega, n.d.: XVI, 6). If new verses can be introduced from dreams or through individual creativity, it is clear that all verses need not be derived from the corpus of African Folklore."
--Ifa divination, William Bascom P.137

In Chief Elebuibon's (a well known Nigerian Babalawo) book "Iyere Ifa: Tonal poerty, the voice of Ifa" he mentions this in the section talking about memorizing Ifa:

"It is a belief that the acolyte or priest memorizes these verses, his capacity to memorize is increased every day. Ajagunmole (he-who-teaches-the priest-through-dreams) is the great Ifa priest in heaven. He holds the responsibility for guiding the righteous and the upright by giving them retentive memory. It is believed that those who lose their memory or are unable to recite the Odu very well might have offended Ajagunmole." (Chapter 8, p101)

This confirms the idea of dream teaching that was told to both Bascom and Epega. And falls into the idea that there is a link between heaven and earth though which Ifa verse is transmitted. It also confirms that, whether actively talked about or not, the corpus of Odu Ifa is an ever expanding one, which may in fact house ese/iyere/etc that represent cultural norms of a time long ago, and are meant to be re-interpreted.

Before I go further, I would like to reiterate that history is precisely that, His Story, and as such, reflects the attitudes and opinions of those who have transmitted it. As we advance as a society it is necessary at times to reconstruct the logic and reasoning behind some of our most sacred acts. This can prove difficult since we have no books to guide us, and direct access through divination, to the Divine and the Awos who have gone before us can be tedious and insufficient. It is also necessary to update our views and understanding as technology and science reveals more to us. Just as we might send someone to a medical doctor now instead of an herbalist, we will also re-evaluate our system to reflect new knowledge or insights. It is in this vain that I move to my next topic in this discussion.

With the basis for the corpus of knowledge laid, we can turn to the question of the technicalities of Ifa and its markings. Ifa is in its essence a binary system. In fact one of the oldest and original binary systems, which happens to also be the basis for how modern day computers work. In a binary system, Two digits, 0 and 1 for computers, or in Ifa I and II, can be used to stand for the two states of ON and OFF, or in Ifa's case existence and non-existence. While Ifa itself is quite complex, and able to handle all the intricacies involved in shades of grey, its basis lies in the simple fact of two possible states of being. I exist or I do not exist, yes or no, positive or negative, known or unknown, these are the most basic states of existence, and are reflected in the markings of Ifa.

So we ask, why 8 markings? To first understand this, we should look at one of the most basic symbols in Orisa worship, the circle and crossed lines

This figure appears in a variety of places, from the Opon Ifa (traditionally circular, though there are modern square and rectangular versions) with the crossed lines marked in Iyerosun, to the “firmas” used within a variety of religious ceremonies. The symbology of this is a critical part of Yoruba cosmogony. We begin with the shape of the circle, which represents a variety of important concepts. First and foremost, by drawing a circle you perform the act of acknowledging and drawing, a representation of the eternal and infinite. Once drawn, a circle has no discernable beginning, middle or end, it simply appears to go on and on without stop. Not only does this represent the concept of never ending flow of time, it is crucial to the Yoruba concept of reincarnation. This is clearly evidenced when talking about the theology of Orun and the way in which we come to earth. It’s also evident in Yoruba names such as Yetunde or Babatunde (mother returns or father returns respectively), which are given to children born shortly after the death of a grandparent, viewed to be their reincarnation as marked by the ceremony of Esentaye done on the third day after a child’s birth.

The circle is also important in that it is a representation of the calabash (igba), and extremely important part of Yoruba culture. In the picture below, we see one beautiful example of a calabash carved with Yoruba motifs throughout. In Yoruba culture, the calabash is consider a container for items, both sacred and profane, but importantly is a symbol used when explaining the universe, which is considered to be a calabash (again, science concurs that the universe as we understand it is in essence an expanding sphere). In that role, the universe is cut in half with the upper half representing Orun (heaven) and the lower half representing earth or the “known” universe (aiye). This plays directly into our diagram of circle with two intersecting lines, the horizontal representing the differentiation between heaven and earth and subsequently life and death. While as a whole, our personal trajectories are on the outer circle, the intersecting vertical line, in Ifa, is a representation of our breaking of the boundary between heaven and earth in order to commune/communicate with heaven and seek counsel of the Divine. The center point of two intersecting lines representing the present moment in which the divination occurs where the two worlds are for an instant brought together.

To add another level of complexity to the discussion, the intersecting lines are also a representation of the crossroads and a manifestation of the Orisa Esu (owner of the crossroads) who traditionally is depicted at the top of an Opon Ifa as seen below.

The intersecting lines are a representation of the crossroads at which the devotee stands, and is the reason they are consulting Ifa for guidance. They stand at the center of the intersection, looking out onto each of their options in four directions seeking counsel on the correct path. Esu oversees this process and is given his due (ebo) to ensure he does not block and removes any obstacles from our way. In that way, the intersection represents the devotee’s present, each line a possible path to the present (their past), originating from the infinite circle, and each line also a potential future path extending out to the infinite circle. And so, as the Babalawo casts Ikin, he draws the ikin 8 times, 4 representing each potential path that lead to the present, and 4 more times representing each potential path that leads to the future. In the circle, as in Odu Ifa, all possibilities of past, present and future are contained.

This notion is further acknowledged by the role the calabash plays as the container of all knowledge, otherwise known as igba Odu, or calabash of Odu. We know that within Odu, is housed, all the knowledge of the world, past, present and future, and that based on our dynamic understanding of the Opon Ifa as crossroads, as Babalawo, we manipulate the symbols through ritual, prayer and the use of sacred objects to access that knowledge and present the devotee with a clear path to success and the overcoming of obstacles.

I believe that for now, this is a first attempt at creating an understanding of the symbology of Ifa which I hope will lead to more conversations, and a deeper understanding of the rites and rituals which we use to communicate and commune with the Divine Ifa.

Ase oo
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Odu Ifa and cultural relativism

2007-10-17T08:51:00.001+02:00

I decided to write on the topic of Odu and cultural relativism because I think it is an interesting and important concept and because it leads to the idea that 1. If Odu is in fact the codification of all things past, present and future, there certainly can be reference to anything within the realm of possibility within Odu and 2. Odu must be a living and breathing thing, and as such, will continue to evolve.

In both Lucumi and Traditional Ifa practice, we see references to other religions like Christianity and Islam. I can only imagine that 300 years ago, there was likely no reference to catholicism or going to church as you see in the Lucumi Odu Ifa, and perhaps 500 years ago, there were no references to Muslims, as you sometimes see in Traditional Yoruba Odu Ifa. This is clearly an addition, and likely post trans-atlantic passage. What I can imagine is that there may have been Ese Ifa that referred to perhaps someone giving veneration to their ancestors, or someone specifically going to an Orisa's particular shrine to give praise. At some point this was contextualized to the surroundings of an day Awo Ifa or Olorisa, and they interpreted it to mean, go venerate your ancestors, however the client, or the area they were in had multiple religions such as Catholicism or Islam, or you in the cuban diaspora, you couldn't just go to a shrine because you might get caught and be persecuted, so you went to the church to venerate Shango in front of "Saint Barbara", etc. In this way, outside religions interjected their presence.

In my mind, what makes Odu Ifa, Odu Ifa is the transcendence of the themes of humanity, evoking interpretations that are appropriate to the cultural norms of the time. We see that time and time again, no matter how we evolve, history repeats itself, and the same issues that plagued us 500 years ago, plague us today but with variations. Shakespeare's plays highlighted common themes which resonate even in todays world, as does Ifa. Love, hate, jealousy, need to shelter, need for food, revenge, power struggles, etc. all remain in our vocabulary. What is important for us as Awo Ifa is to be able to extract the keys of knowledge that are locked within Ese Ifa for our clients.

There are truths which remain with us, Odu Ifa provides the wisdom and insight in order to unlock the doors so that we can avoid the problems which can come from the misunderstanding and lack of knowledge. In the famous words,

"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it" -George Santayana (The Life of Reason: Reason in Common Sense. Scribner’s, 1905: 284)

odabo
Ifalola

Who receives Ebo? What happens?

2007-09-18T18:02:00.002+02:00

In response to the question once posed, Who receives Ebo? What happens? I pose this interpretation.

To whom does one offer ebo? When consulting Ifa, there are two parts to the process. The first being divination, for which the Babalawo acts as interpreter of the Ifa Oracle. Ifa merges with the female energy of Odu, causing the metaphysical birth of a specific Odu which reveals your present and potential future. In the second part the Babalawo, interpreting Ifa, suggests an Ebo, whereby you offer items/actions in hopes that a given divinity will intercede on your behalf to either ensure your favorable future, or resolve your problems/remove your obstacles. Who are these divinities? Ebo can be offered to your Ori, a specific Orisa, Egun, Isheshe (the inhabitants of heaven), Ajogun, Iyaami, nature spirits, or all those heavenly beings including Olodumare. So what is Ifa's role?

Ifa's role is threefold. To play the male counterpart to Odu's female energy, whereby the Odu specific to a certain person at a certain time is "birthed". Also, to act as a guide, along with Esu, in ensuring that the offering made by the adherent reaches it's intended location/recipient. Of special note in this process, regardless of whether Esu is the intended recipient of Ebo, he receives part of the ebo as payment for guiding (and not interfering with) the Ebo (as mandated in Ose 'Tura). Like a casino, Esu always takes a cut. And lastly in certain situations, where Ifa is the intended recipient of Ebo, Ifa may act as advocate for the client, interceding on his behalf with other Orisa/Divinities in order to ensure a positive future.

So, is Ifa neutral?

Orunmila, the Orisa/prophet ( as opposed to Ifa) like all Orisa, is not exactly neutral. There are many Ese Ifa where Orunmila is talked about, and in some he takes sides, or has a preference, or decrees what he thinks is best. That said, like any judge, when manipulating Ikin and performing 'dafa, he is said to interpret Ifa in a manner that will best help the person (which isn't exactly what I'd call neutral, but more along the philosophy of king solomon, doing what is "right"). So Orunmila is not perfectly neutral. Ifa, however, is meant to reveal one's chosen path, and help one to align themselves with it. Though Ifa is meant to have a net positive effect, it's neutral in the sense that it only "reveals" and you are required to take actions in order to achieve the positive effect.

What makes Ifa neutral then?

Odu

Although Orunmila, the Orisa/prophet may intercede on behalf of any given person/divinity, Ifa through Odu will always reveal the truth, ensuring that there is always a check and balance in the system. That's not to say that Orunmila would act negatively against a person, but no matter what any Orisa may/may not do, Ifa through Odu will always reveal the truth of a matter.

On revelation I'll leave you with an Ese Ifa from Irosun Meji
Ita ruku, l'awo ita ruku
Ita ruku, l'awo ita ruku
Ita ruku, l'awo ita tataata
a d'ifa fun 'gba, igba nsh'awo lo s'ode oyo
Igba a rula
Igba a rukan
A ii w'aye eni ai nigba

Dusty road, diviner for dusty road
Dusty space, diviner for dusty space *
Open dusty place diviner for open space
Divined for time, time was on a spiritual journey to Oyo town
The time to harvest Okra
Is different from the time to harvest Ikan (okra family)
As individuals, we all have our destined times (no matter what happens, we all have remarkable times in life)

*(note, the words are different because of accents not shown)

I will note that one of the most important phrases for a Babalawo is:
Aboru
Aboye
Aboshishe

Which translates in Yoruba roughly to:
May ebo reach heaven
May ebo be accepted
May ebo allow that which I ask for to come to pass

Once Ebo is accepted, we can only supplicate ourselves to the Orisa and humble pray: Aboru Aboye Aboshishe.

Ase o
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

who's on first, what's on second . . . Which Orisa is most important?

2007-08-09T15:21:00.001+02:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

Someone had posted a piece citing how they believed that Orunmila was above other Orisa, and so I thought I would clarify what I believe the relationship is. Many times, we want to "rank" the Orisa, however I think this is a human construct, and not something that necessarily achieves anything constructive. We very often as humans resort to wanting to place something "first" or "last" or one above another, but I don't believe in the case of Orisa (with the exception of Olodumare) that it accomplishes anything, nor fully understands the symbiotic relationship that occurs even within the realm of Orisa.

For instance, how can we say Orunmila is "first" or "above" the irunmole when without Esu playing his role in the process, none of what Orunmila/Ifa says/does can come to pass? Does that not then make Esu "above" Orunmila in a sense? To me no, they both have their role to play. Also, how can one place Orunmila say above Oduduwa or Obatala? If those Orisa didn't exist, who would have moulded man's head? Without the human race, the role of Ifa in this context is meaningless as what role can any religion play without worshippers to follow it? We of course also have stories in Ose Otura about Oshun and her role in mankind, if she were to get mad and make women infertile, we would die as a race, and what use would religion be then? Certainly I know consulting Ifa would help us avoid this, but what if our Ori didn't make appropriate ebo, Oshun could cause the death of us, and so is that not a power stronger then simply knowledge of how to stop that when not used and indeed more powerful then even Ori?

I'm not saying these things will happen, but am trying to illustrate a point. That point is, it's not about who's first or second when we look beyond Olodumare and Ori, it's about the symbiotic relationship that exists amongst all Orisa that allow us to find our "path" and lead a long and healthy life. Orumila without Esu, Oshun, Obatala, Yemoja etc etc, is an unbalanced world, just as Esu, Obatala, Oshun etc etc without Orunmila is also a world without balance. Ranking the Orisa, as comforting as it may make us feel to be worshiping the "highest", is simply divisive and does not reflect the complex interconnectedness of Yoruba Theology and Cosmogony.

All our Orisa are important, and all have a vital and important role to play. Perhaps at times, one may be more important to us, but there will always be that one time when the key to survival is held, even by the smallest, seemingly most insignificant of Orisa, and at that precise moment, that Orisa means more to us and our survival then any other.

Odabo
Ifalola

Power and the priesthood

2007-08-04T15:32:00.001+02:00

Power and the priesthood:

Ogbe sa:

Ogbe sa re le
Ogbe sa r'oko
Dia fun Eni0Aye kan
Dia fun Eni Aye Nfe
A bu fun S(h)eere
S(h)eere o, S(h)eere o
Eni Aye kan
E s(h)'aye ire
Bo je emi laye kan
Ko s(h)aye iro o
bo je emi laye kan
Ma s(h)aye ire
S(h)eere o, S(h)eere o
Eni Aye Kan
E s(h)aye ire

Ogbe ran home
Osa ran to the farm
They were the ones who cast Ifa for "He whose turn it is to rule the world"
They also cast Ifa for "He who the masses love and want"
Do it well, pray, do it well
Those whose turn it is to rule the world
Please rule the world well
If it is my turn to rule the world
I will rule the world well
Do it well, pray, do it well
If it is your turn to rule the world
Please rule well ...

I've often considered the process of becoming a priest, and the training (or sometimes lack thereof) that comes as a result of initiation, however we often overlook one of the most important and difficult topics, Power. Whether we acknowledge it or not, on some levels, great or small, we are drawn to the priesthood because of the power that it can afford us. For some, it is the draw to the esoteric knowledge that will allow us to affect our lives in ways beyond the known (admittedly, I fall into this category). For others, it is the draw to the power one has over another, and yet for others, it is simply the power they gain over the self. Whatever the reason, joining the priesthood does give us access to a power that is beyond the normal. For the purpose of this article though, i want to look at the most mundane, but also the most dangerous, the power over others.

I've seen the glint in someone's eye as another person lies foribale in front of them, or they ask what your "age" is, full well knowing you are younger relishing the moment you will dobale to them. Or the joking talk about the "multa" (fine) that they might impose on you if you do something wrong. Seemingly benign acts, these often belie a deeper and sometimes more sinister emotion. Of all the things that occur before someone joins the priesthood, the least spoken about is how one should act when wielding their new position (and the power that comes with it). It is very likely that one of the most important pieces of training one should have is how to act responsibly when asserting the power you have over another.

Some people have a natural ability to lead, and in such often have a great understanding (whether conscious or not) of how, and when, to use their power. This is something which they learned over the years through their own experiences, or observing how others use and wield their power. Rarely is this completely innate, and a mentor or role model often provides the lessons needed to formulate the vocabulary necessary to speak the language of power responsibly. The lessons learned are invaluable, however, more often then not, in this world where training/teutalage in the priesthood is virtually non-existent and there has been an explosive growth in the priesthood, with "babies having babies", we are creating what is the beginning of a crisis of ineptitude.

While certainly one of the problems with the priesthood today is too few spend the necessary hours of training and study to learn the theology, we are failing our children and future generations by not creating the leaders of tomorrow. No denomination is exempt from this crisis. While there are often the obvious stories of inept priests, who hold on with a death grip to their "godchildren"/adherents through what is tantamount to terror tactics. There is also a more subtle and insidious politic of power whereby priests are demanding unyielding loyalty, outrageous time requests and guilting godchildren into doing ceremonies (to name a few things), but giving very little in return. Then, the "eldership" or "duty" response is immediately invoked, nullifying any possible response a godchild might have.

I could go on with examples, but this is sufficient enough for most to see the point. What's more important is that we look at ways in which we can, as priests, more responsibly train the priesthood in the correct/moral use of power. To be honest, one of the biggest deterrents to responsible use of power in the diaspora is the move from Eldership which in traditional Yoruba culture was based on years of life, to Eldership based only on years of priesthood (thereby allowing young people with little life experience to achieve "elder" status before they have the wisdom of what it means to achieve that). That said, that is how some traditions choose to treat eldership, so it becomes even more important to train priests in what it means to "be an elder" and wield power when time is unable to teach them those lessons.

My personal opinion is that all priests from all denomination should be required to train as a priest for a minimum number of years (7 at least) before they are allowed to initiation other priests. This isn't unreasonable, and doesn't go against any "rules" of any of the denominations (except perhaps the American "my rights" attitude). Additionally, priests should be required to have many conversations with their new initiates about the roles/responsibilities they now have, and about what it means to have power over someone. This is of course a difficult thing to enforce, and unfortunately there are already a fair number of priests who have their own cadre of priests, all of whom do not understand the dynamic or responsibilities of power. In my eyes, it's in the hands of the true Elders to begin enforcing these rules and leading by example instead of being caught up in the petty politics of power and greed.

I will never forget the look in the eyes of an older woman when she learned I was a Babalawo and training as such. There was a reverence and respect that I'm not sure I deserved or was worthy of, simply because I had a title and had undergone an initiation. I hope to live up to her expectation. That is a look that can humble you, or can ignite a dangerous pride which results in abuse and greed. I am only thankful that I have been put in enough positions of leadership in my work and personal life to know the responsibility it entails, and the consequences if you fail to live up to that responsibility.

May there be further conversations ...

Odabo
Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Ifa and homosexuality

2007-06-14T00:08:00.001+02:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

Homosexuality is a difficult issue that seems to enflame and anger those on both sides. It tends to be one in which peoples minds are made up, and nothing will sway them to a different viewpoint. Each side will quote texts and cite instances in support of their case and make what they feel is a compelling argument. I will state for the record, I am heterosexual, married and a Babalawo. I support gay rights, I support gay marriage, I support treating people like people and not second class citizens. I don't support homosexual Babalawos, not because of Odu per se, but because of things that happened in the ceremony of Itefa and my wife's Apetebii ceremonies. Things that were explained during that process, and the need for the balance of male and female in the care of Ifa and in the role of priest of Ifa interpreting the oracle. That doesn't mean homosexuals can't praise Ifa, that doesn't mean they can't seek the wisdom of Ifa, that doesn't mean they can't follow Ifa, that doesn't mean Ifa won't accept Ebo and intervene on their behalf when they are following Ifa's recommendations. Ifa would never want me to turn anyone away who truly seeks Ifa's wisdom.

Many will try and say it's an abomination of nature, and to you I respond, nature and science have shown us instances in which same sex copulation occurs, welcome to the 21st century. Many will say it is a sin. How can one person loving and respecting another be committing a sin? We are taught to love each other, and often, we don't choose who we fall in love with. If we respect each other, and respect ourselves, then how can we pass judgment on two people who have done us no harm, and simply choose to live with each other in a committed relationship? It's hard enough to find someone, why should we stop those that have found that person from enjoying life and each other.

Many will say the only true nature of sex is to procreate, and to you I respond, I think we're a bit more evolved than that. Certainly, if you've never used any type of contraception except abstinence, never had pre-marital sex, and plan on having every child your spouse gets pregnant with, you have at least the moral high ground. That said, I use contraception, had pre-marital sex and see nothing wrong with either. I'm also not interested in having tons of babies. We are no longer in an agricultural society with high infant mortality rates where the need to have many children arose as a matter of survival. We have too many children in the world who have poor healthcare, are malnourished, are not wanted, are mistreated/abused or are ill.

My dad was the 13th in a family of 13, he was raised in the countryside. I am not him, nor can I afford to take care of that many kids, and most importantly I have no interest in overpopulating and already overpopulated world. If you want to have kids, adopt. This viewpoint is horribly irresponsible because it promotes having children, without respect to whether everyone can even afford to have them! There are plenty of poor folks who if they follow this attitude would simply continue giving birth because they are married and in love, but can't feed, cloth or provide healthcare. We have a brain, contraception is a reality, Orisa didn't want us to live in the dark ages.

Additionally, there are plenty of straight couples who chose not to have kids, are they too going against the word of Ifa? For certainly if you use this argument against gays, than you must also use it against anyone who does not have kids as they too are abomination. Children are not a reason.

Many will say it is against family values. Well, I have met/known plenty of gay parents who have raised healthy, smart, caring children who were straight. I also know and read daily about plenty of "straight" parents who couldn't care less about theirs kids. These kids are mistreated, abused, sexually assaulted, and hit. In fact, I would venture to say there's probably a dramatically higher rate of abuse amongst "straight" parents than gay parents. This is likely due in large part to having children by choice, not simply becuase two people copulated mindlessly then dealt with the mess afterwards. In addition to that, I would always rather see a child in a loving environment, without regard to the sexual preference of their parents. Aren't family values about love, compassion, caring, helping your community, and respect? All things that have nothing to do with a person's sexual preference.

As to Odu, I am young in Ifa and will not pretend to be an expert . . . however, as I understand it, not all Odu apply to everyone at all times. If they did, we would have no way of discerning the messages of Ifa in a way that would be at all meaningful to us. Different odu apply to different people at different times as dictated by consultation with Ifa. Odu may certainly have stories that talk of the problems that arise from male to male or female to female relationships, and that may be Ifa's dictate for that Odu. However it would seem to me that unless that Odu appeared either in a reading with Ifa, or in a reading when receiving
an Orisa or an Initiation. The point is the messages of Odu are not Universally applicable to everyone.

This is important because it implies that being homosexual is not a "bad" thing in general, but only in certain circumstances. Ifa may try and tell someone in a reading through Odu that it will cause them in particular, problems. Certainly I believe in the science, and homosexuality is NOT always a "choice", the science is irrefutable, you can no more change that than change your eye color, skin color or brain size. There are some occasions where it is a choice and some of those choices may be fine, but Ifa may decide to tell the person that that choice is not for them (just as Ifa might reject any potential mate). If that odu appears for you, you can choose to accept it, or ignore it, that's also your choice. Ifa is there to reveal the path that your Ori choose for you while kunle to Olodumare and to help understand life. In that case, it would be my obligation to tell that client what Ifa says, and yes in certain cases, Ifa can reveal that a certain choice is not the right one for that particular person.

You ask, how can this be? Homosexuality is unacceptable, Ifa doesn't condone it ever and it will never change!!

Well, i would ask you to recall a few historical points. At one point human sacrifice was an accepted part of Yoruba culture. People were chosen (willing or not) to give their life for the community. Well, things changed, and human sacrifice is no longer acceptable, and somewhere was added to the Odu corpus a story which dictates that change (see Chief Yemi Eleribuibon's "healing power of sacrifice" p101).

Another point, infanticide was also an accepted part of Yoruba culture, twins, before the reign of Shango were considered an abomination and were killed (so much for pro-creation being a reason for heterosexuality as the only accepted norm). That was changed, and now Ibeji are revered as sacred and again, odu had to have been added to the Ifa corpus to reflect this change.

At one point slavery and the slave trade was accepted part of Yoruba culture, Yoruba Kings and chiefs had them, and became wealthy from trading them amongst themselves and to the european traders (the rise and fall of the Oyo empire is directly attached to this), it no longer is acceptable. When was the last time you saw a slave? (sadly, there are still those who are in basically indentured servitude, Ifa Odu talks of slavery, at some point, it was deemed unacceptable).

How can you argue that things don't change?

At one point inter-racial marriage was illegal in the USA. The same arguments people use against gay marriage or acceptance of Gays in Ifa were invoked. Sad but true.

This practice can only be labeled as ignorance and hatred. The same type of hatred that allowed interracial marriage to be illegal in the US, that allowed people to be traded like animals, that says one race, one creed, one religion, one sex is superior to another, and that "other" is an abomination. Calling homosexuality an abomination or looking down on them for who they are is no different from being a bigot or racist.

These are my opinions, reflective of my thoughts as a person and a Babalawo on this matter. I don't pretend to be the "authority", only someone who is trying to understand how I can facilitate and intermediate between humans and Ifa.

I've included the Odu people quote against homosexuality in general. Again I reiterate that for me, these are not universal laws, but Odu Ifa that, if they show up in divination, are my responsibility to talk to that particular person about and interpret for them what Ifa says.

Odu Ofun-Alaaye (Ofun-
Irete) where Ifa says

epo se e je'su
isu se e j'epo
akaso dun-un g'aka
obinrin se e ba sun j'okunrin lo
okunrin se e sun ti j'obinrin lo
b'okunrin ba n b'okunrin sun
bii koko, bii oowo
bi iku bi agbaaarin
b'obunrin ba n obinrin sun
bi epete bi oorun
bi erofo bi eeri
b'okunrin ba n b'obinrin sun
b'obinrin ba nsun t'okunrin
bi enf'ola yun'pun
bi enf'ola yun'ra
igi Ofun-O-Rete lo ro gangan-olele
dia fun Apon-Ako
ti nlo ree fi Olele omo Olofa saya
Apon p'Olele o je o
ko ju ohun ti'fa n se lo o
Apon p'Olele o je o
ko ju ohun t'Ebora n se lo o

Palm oil os good to complement yam for consumption
and yam is good as complement for eating palm-oil
the ladder is good for climbing the rafter
a woman is better for a man to make love to than his fellow man
a man is better for a woman to sleep with than her fellow woman
if a man sleeps with a man
it will result into lumps, boils, and yaws
if a woman makes love to a fellow woman
it will result into murk, stinking odour, dirt and irritation
if a man makes love to a woman
and a woman sleeps with a man
the result is feeling like being on top of the world
the feeling is like having unlimited and unqualified enjoyment
Ofun-Rete's organ is strong and turgid
This was the Ifa cast for a Chronic Bachelor
When going to marry Olele the offspring of Olofa
The Chronic Bachelor called upon Olele but she responded not
The problem is not more than what Ifa can solve

Iwori-Wodin (Iwori Odi) Ifa has this to
say,,,
Iwori wodi o se bi nnkan ire loun nse
Awo rere niwori to nwodi na?
Dia fun Panla Apo
To ko roko fe
To yoo maa febinrin egbe e re
Ebo ni won ni ko wa se
Obinrin ti nfebinrin egbe e re
Eyin o mo pe o nloo woku idi ni?

Iwori took a fanciful look at the genital and
Considered it a proper practice
Do you consider Iwori who looks at the genitals
As a good Awo ?
This was Ifa's declarations to Panla-Apo
Who failed to secure a husband to marry
But choose to be in love with a fellow woman
She was advised to offer ebo
A woman who makes love to a fellow woman
Don't you know that she is just looking at a
Non-productive lifeless genital ?

In another stanza of Iwori Wodin, Ifa says:
Bayii laa selu
Ilu i ba dun
Dia fun won niluu Iwori-Wodin
Nibi won ni ki won le Omo-Osu ilee won jade
Eyi to loko tan
To loun o lokoo fe mo
To yoo maa ledi mo obinrin egbe e re
Ebo ni won ni ko waa senje to ba se bayii laa selu
Ilu i ba dun na?

If this is the way we administer the community
The community would have been very desirous (to live in)
This was Ifa message to the citizens of Iwori-Wodi
Who were advised by Ifa to send all Omo-Osu * away
Those, who after getting married once,
Chose to perform ejaculation with fellow women
They were advised to offer ebo
If this is the way we administer the community
Would the community have been this desirous to live in ?

In each particular Odu, these are the pieces of advice for the person being read. In each case, this is what Ifa recommends for them in particular. If you believe that Ifa can not accept homosexuality, you are just preaching a message of hate no different from the message of racial superiority. It's a fine line before preaching this message leads to the kind of behavior that we've seen humanity can stoop to in the atrocities of the holy crusades, the spanish inquisition, world war two, vietnam, darfur and countless others moments of darkness.

respectfully,
Odabo
Ifalola

On Titles ...

2007-06-13T16:41:00.000+02:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

Recently, the conversation of titles came up since many have gone back to Nigeria and return with a title. It made me think and I came to this conclusion about all titles, regardless of in Nigeria or in the Diaspora, priest, king or otherwise.

A title without ethics, a title undeserved, a title purchased, a title inherited but not earned is simply an unfulfilled promise of grandeur. It is as empty as a pocket with a hole in it and means nothing except in the mind of the title holder. Give me a poor awo Ifa with faith, heart and knowldge over a priest, Oba/Chief or King who sees me only as their minion or paycheck.

Ase o
Ifalola

Further thoughts on prayers

2007-06-06T12:33:00.000+02:00

When the subject of prayer came up, I was asked specifically about those moments when you want to simply "think" your prayers to yourself. We talked about it in the context of a group setting where one may not feel comfortable sharing in a public setting their private and inner-most thoughts. I agreed that in that environment you could privately think your prayers and Orisa would most certainly hear them.

However, I feel there is an important point to make. At some point, it is still important to physically speak your prayers, whether it be in a whisper inaudible to your neighbor, or in full voice in the privacy of your home or a secluded shrine. I believed this inherently, but wasn't able to fully crystallize my reason why. Then a week later it struck me in a clear way.

In all Orisa traditions, we work to make sure that our dreams and destiny manifest physically. We say Aboru Aboye Aboshishe specifically to request that that occurs. Speaking our prayers aloud (or in a whisper) are simply an extension of that idea. We take our thoughts and physically manifest them through speech in the same way we hope those thoughts will physically manifest in our lives. Ase!

Iwori n'soro lowo
Aweda n'soro kelekele
D'Ifa fun Enu lotalota bi ase
Wo ni o rubo
Won ba rubo
Orumila ko Enu lotalota bi ase n'ifa
Won wa n jo n yo
E je a pe e o
E je a pefa
Ki'fa o le baa je
Ni n hin awon Babalawo
Awon Babalawo n yin Ifa
Iwori n'soro lowo
Aweda n'soro kelekele

Iwori I am speaking
Aweda I am whispering
performed ifa divination for Mouth, the pepper grinder, gives birth to ashe
He was told to perform sacrifice
He performed sacrifice
Orunmila taught Enu lotalota bi ase Ifa
He began to dance and rejoice
Let us call him
Let us call Ifa
So that Ifa may answer
He praised his Babalawos
His Babalawos praised Ifa
Iwori I am speaking
Aweda I am whispering

Ceremonies costs, updated with more numbers

2007-06-04T13:22:00.000+02:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe, May Olodumare, Esu, Orunmila, Orisha and all Isheshe bless and protect us!

I would first like to thank all the people who took the time to trust me and tell me the costs of their ceremonies in the spirit of sharing and helping others navigate these difficult waters. I would second like to thank my apetebii for always supporting me. Lastly, thanks to all those who have sent email with words of support for my writing. SPECIAL NOTE: please also don't try and compare lucumi rituals to Traditional Yoruba rituals, they are two different denominations and have different rites.

I'll keep this post short, again, if you are interested in offering me your costs, they will be kept confidential and will provide (I hope) help in the decision making process for people. Plus I hope that it will help to make the financial transaction part of the process more transparent so people can understand what they are paying for and why. Feel free to email me through the page here. Or through my yahoo site http://360.yahoo.com/babaifalola

I came across a Yoruba proverb I think would be appropriate:

Ohun ti a ba fi eso mu, ki i baje
Ohn ti a ba fi agbara mu ni nni 'ni l'ara

An honest acquisition last longer, an honest approach yields positive results
A dishonest acquisition or a dishonest approach paves the way to difficulty

** SPECIAL NOTE: I've decided since some will get this for the first time I will repost the original article that accompanied this study, it's important to read so you can understand the basis and logic behind this study . . . If you've already read it, scroll to the bottom.

Posted May 8th, 2007
When I first proposed this idea, I had no illusions. Money is a delicate subject. People are apt to get irritated if there is a perceived threat to their livelihood. Likewise, people are apt to get upset if they appear to have been taken for a ride. These factors contributed to a pretty low turnout (less then 15 people responded). That said, I decided to publish the raw numbers with no analysis other then creating a column adjusting the numbers for inflation to 2007 dollars. My hopes are that this initial data will spur people to send me emails with their costs, which I will gladly keep anonymous (as you see these are). Should you be interested, please answer the questions listed at the bottom of this posting.

Now, I want to again preface this by saying:

1. This is only meant as a comparison, it is not meant to dictate what should or shouldn't be charged.

2. There are good, decent priests who earn their living through Orisa/spiritual works, please support them and don't use this as a means to "negotiate" a better price.

3. Like anything else, quality costs. There are many hard costs involved in these ceremonies, goats can run upwards of $80 each, and I've paid as much as $900 for one Jutia (African bush rat). This doesn't include the many people that need to be fed and given some compensation for their work. There are also hidden costs, remember if your Oluwo/Godparent is doing your initiation, it may mean as many as 7 days without the ability to work, and that's part of what you're paying for. There are also often several ceremonies or days of preparations that are not a part of the ceremonies that you see. Often you don't know about these, and while you should be told about the time used doing them, you can't ask what exactly they are doing.

4. As we say in the computer industry, "garbage in, garbage out" or "you get what you pay for". Remember, you shouldn't skimp, this is not the time to cut corners, and neither should your Oluwo/godparent (if they do, confront them). Finding a priest who will charge less, but has no experience, does not care, will not teach, or worse, won't do the ceremony correctly just hurts you in the end. The flipside is just because it's expensive, doesn't mean you got "more" then someone who paid half what you paid. If the ceremonies were done correctly, then you are equals. Fancy titles or someone who wears shiny bling and charges a bundle doesn't make them better then a modest priest who has no titles and dresses conservatively, but loves, lives and breathes Orisa. In the end, you should be paying for knowledgeable priest, and hopefully one that will pass on some of that knowledge to you.

5. Be wary of mass initiations. For some initiations/ceremonies, it is understandable to perhaps have a few people do them at once, this is often done to lower the price. If you have 10 people receiving a ceremony at once, this isn't right. This is not about production line ethics, and it has not place here. My Awofakan was done this way and it was simply wrong. As far as I could gather, 12 people at between 1500 and 2000 a person added up to alot of money to split 3 ways. My Ita was less then 10 minutes and other less then that. Don't do it. Even if there are a few people doing it at once, ask why, ask how it will affect things.

6. Don't forget to put in your overall costs (plane, presents, etc). this can add to your costs and make what was $4K in a third world country end up being really close to $7K with plane tickets, Visas, changing money, paying for things for others etc.

7. Respect. Respect Orisa, respect the Ori you have that no one can take from you and respect your priest.

I'll preface this with a verse from the Odu Obara Oworin
Oro banta a wuwo bi owu
a difa fun aye,
Nijo ti gbogbo omo araye npon owo pe
Kosi ohun miran mo ninu aye ti o tun ni iyi mo rara
won ni awon o ko ohungbogbo sile,
Awon o maa sare mo owo
Orunmila ni eyiti e nro niti owo beeni
Ati eyiti e nro niti owo beeko si
Ifa l'a ba maa ye
Ogbon l'a ba ma ye
Awon l'a ba bu iyin fun
Agbeniga laa pe owo; abiwaje l'aa pe owo
Eniti ba feran owo l'afeju, iwa re a baje
Iwa rere ni oso eniyan
Bi e ni owo l'owo ko wipe ki e ma di afoju
Ko wipe ki e ma di ashiwere
Ko wipe ki e ma di aro
Ko wipe ki e ma di olokunrin ati beebee
Abuku ara gbogbo le de ba yin
Ki e tun ero gba
Ki e mu iwa rere
Ki e mu ogbon
Ki e wa rubo
Ki ara le ro nyin tinutode

Translated:
Heavy words have the weight of an anvil
This was the teaching of Ifa to the world
At a time when all the people of the world were overpraising money saying:
There is nothing else in the world that is more respected then money
They said they would give up everything
And they would continuously run after money
Orunmila said: what you think about money is so
And what you think about money is also not so
It is the teachings of Ifa we should honor
It is these we should regard highly
It is said money is a raiser of status and a corruptor of character
A person who loves money excessively, his character will be ruined
Good character is the finest beauty of a person
Even if you have money, it does not mean you will not become blind
It does not mean you will not go mad
It does not mean you will not become lane
It does not mean you will not become ill and the like
You still can become disabled in any part of your body
Therefore you should go and get more wisdom so that you may think deeply about things
You should cultivate good character
You should acquire wisdom
And you should come and sacrifice so that you may be at ease inside and out.

And with that:

Prayer and the Orisha faith . . .

2007-05-25T15:33:00.001+02:00

Prayer and the Orisha faith:

My Apetebii and I were talking and the subject of prayer came up. It seems like an obvious thing, almost self explanatory, but there is an underlying fundamental ideology that isn't so obvious.

Prayer can take many forms, whether it is the act of supplicating to the Orisha, petitioning that they act on our behalf to positively affect our life or the lives of those around us. There is also the act of praising the Orisha as an act of thanks for the good in our lives or from saving us from some bad. Lastly is the act of simply praising the Orisha without any expectation (sometimes the most important and the most forgotten of acts).

A very important but often overlooked part of prayer in Yoruba culture is that it is almost always physically spoken. While in many other cultures, especially western culture, prayer can be an inward act in which verbalization is not necessary, it is quite the opposite in Yoruba culture. Any act of praise or prayer is by definition verbal and most often performed in a communal setting. We see this in traditional African practice, but in some ways, what is most striking is that in the diaspora this concept has not changed or diminished in any way. This is not to diminish one's personal reflection, meditations or internal prayers which are certainly part of how we can worship.

On a literal level, our vocalization produces sounds, which can travel, whether only a few inches or several meters or more. Through initiation, and sometimes powders and medicinal preparations, it is believed we can give power to those sounds/vibrations allowing them to reach Orun (heaven). As Olorisha and Babalawo, we are considered to not only be mediators between man and Orisha, it is believed that our voices are able to reach Orun and catch the attention of Orisha. That is why before every Ebo, before every divination session, before every religious act, we pray. Through that prayer, we hope that our vocalization may reach heaven.

This explains why as Babalawo we pray before casting Ikin or Opele, and it is why before we chant or interpret Odu we say:

Aboru, Aboye, Aboshishe

Which roughly translates to:
May our ebo reach Orun (heaven) - Aboru
May our ebo be accepted - Aboye
May our ebo allow what we desire to come to pass - Aboshishe

It is also why we must say "Ase (Ashe)" to affix and affirm things. By saying Ase (Ashe) we not only legitimize the prayer, we also send out the vibration of the holy phrase so that the prayers may reach Orun.

In the Orisa faith prayer can occur in many different ways:

Adura - Very simply meaning prayer, the most common of which is the Iba or Mo Juba meaning I/we give praise. In both traditional African and the Diaspora practices, the Iba/MoJuba is quintessential, and is often the very first thing an Olorisa or Babalawo learns. There are Adura for every Orisha, and Adura can be done in any language, for in the end, Orisha are all knowing so there is no language they don't understand. Those of us who are not Yoruba natives learn prayers in Yoruba as a way of respecting the past. The Yoruba have a saying, We stand on the backs of those that came before us. Without our african ancestors, without the slaves of the diaspora, we would not be here.

Oriki Orisha - Oriki are praise names which we have for all the Orisha, they reference acts of the Orisha in Ese Ifa, Iyere and all the other forms of stories in which they take part. They extol the deeds of the past, reminding us of the wonderous actions they performed. There can also be Oriki for kings, ancestors, etc.

Iyere - Iyere is the poetry of Ifa and Iyere is said to be have been a son of Orunmila who transmitted the word of Orunmila through a type of poetry. Upon his death began the Iyere style of Poetry. Chief Eleribuibon mentions that there are two types of Iyere: Iyere Sisun (Iyere singing) and Iyere Pipa (Iyere chanting). There are Ifa priests who specialize in this style and in Nigeria there are even competitions. Also worth mention are other Orisha's praise/poetry: Ijala - chanting for Ogun, Iwi chanting for Egun, and Sango and Oya Pipe.

Of interesting note, Chief Eleribuibon talks of Iyere poetry being used as a means of telecommunications. Noting several Odu Ifa where the chanting is used to communicate thanks or grief across distance. (see Iyere Ifa, Yemi Elebuibon chapter p. 41), which gives credence to the idea that vocalization is an important part of prayer.

Orin - Song, like prayer and poetry, is an important part of the process of invocation, supplication and praise. This is probably one of the most recognizable to the non-initiate, and in the diaspora is in large part, the outward face of the Orisha traditions (as outsiders are often able to participate/attend these ceremonies). It should be of important note that singing is not only a way to beckon the Orisha to come to earth, but a way to communally give praise in an environment that eventually leads to an actual two way communication as Orisha's mount their priests/omo. Unlike any other form of prayer, this is the only one where the Orisha physically manifests to speak with us one on one. It's both visceral and profoundly humbling when you are in the presence of an initiated who is truly mounted by Orisha.

I might add at this point an oft overlooked part of the practice of prayer, which is the role of Ayan (Anya/Aña) bata drums. In the diaspora the repertoire of the drums is quite deep, and includes (as do traditional african Ayan) the notion that the drums mimic the speech patterns of the Yoruba language (which is tonal). In this way, you can even recognize certain prayers and songs that match a rhythmic pattern. So in this way, the drums too are a vocalization of our prayers to Orisha.

It's also important to note that sacred (consecrated) drums are additionally imbued with the power of speech. It is these consecrated drums whose vibrations are able to reach Orun, and in doing such lure the Orisha to Aiye (earth) to mount their omo (children) and physically manifest amongst humans. This is essentially the same role played by the Yoruba talking drum, dundun or gangan, which was used to talk across vast expanses from four to some say as much as 15 miles (during the night). This is where it becomes critical to understand that unlike western languages, Yoruba and other dialects of the area are tonal and each word can have several meanings depending on tone, a fact often lost or forgotten in the diaspora (which get into some of the famous Yoruba Puns or double meanings). This allows the drums to mimic phrases in an uncanny way.

Ofo - This is an area of study that is somewhat obscure with few that are truly masters, and is virtually non-existent in the Diaspora. This chanting is the basis for Yoruba "magic" and through the use of magical and secret names, the enchanter can control inanimate objects, spirits, people, animals, etc to use to their own ends. Ofo can be used for good, and likewise for evil. There are Ofo for money, Ofo for health, Ofo for summoning the Aje, Ofo to cause death, the list is long and numerous.

This is not an exhaustive list, as I believe many different Orisa have their own types of prayer, but should be at least a beginning point for those who don't have significant contact with traditional Yoruba practices.

It is important for us as followers to always pray and be proud. It affirms our existence, it affirms our beliefs, it affirms the Orisha, it affirms the positive desires for the world and it affirms Egun, Egbe and Isheshe. I'll end this with a short Song sung by the group after an Iba:

E e e e, Baba mi iba ni n'o f'ojo oni she e o o
Baba a ni, iba n'o f'ojo oni she e.

E e e e, father I will spend the entire day paying homage,
Father, I will spend the entire day paying homage.

Ase o!!

Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

The raw data on initiation/ceremony costs

2007-05-08T11:17:00.000+02:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe . . .

When I first proposed this idea, I had no illusions. Money is a delicate subject. People are apt to get irritated if there is a perceived threat to their livelihood. Likewise, people are apt to get upset if they appear to have been taken for a ride. These factors contributed to a pretty low turnout (less then 15 people responded). That said, I decided to publish the raw numbers with no analysis other then creating a column adjusting the numbers for inflation to 2007 dollars. My hopes are that this initial data will spur people to send me emails with their costs, which I will gladly keep anonymous (as you see these are). Should you be interested, please answer the questions listed at the bottom of this posting.

Now, I want to again preface this by saying:

1. This is only meant as a comparison, it is not meant to dictate what should or shouldn't be charged.

2. There are good, decent priests who earn their living through Orisa/spiritual works, please support them and don't use this as a means to "negotiate" a better price.

3. Like anything else, quality costs. There are many hard costs involved in these ceremonies, goats can run upwards of $80 each, and I've paid as much as $900 for one Jutia (African bush rat). This doesn't include the many people that need to be fed and given some compensation for their work. There are also hidden costs, remember if your Oluwo/Godparent is doing your initiation, it may mean as many as 7 days without the ability to work, and that's part of what you're paying for. There are also often several ceremonies or days of preparations that are not a part of the ceremonies that you see. Often you don't know about these, and while you should be told about the time used doing them, you can't ask what exactly they are doing.

4. As we say in the computer industry, "garbage in, garbage out" or "you get what you pay for". Remember, you shouldn't skimp, this is not the time to cut corners, and neither should your Oluwo/godparent (if they do, confront them). Finding a priest who will charge less, but has no experience, does not care, will not teach, or worse, won't do the ceremony correctly just hurts you in the end. The flipside is just because it's expensive, doesn't mean you got "more" then someone who paid half what you paid. If the ceremonies were done correctly, then you are equals. Fancy titles or someone who wears shiny bling and charges a bundle doesn't make them better then a modest priest who has no titles and dresses conservatively, but loves, lives and breathes Orisa. In the end, you should be paying for knowledgeable priest, and hopefully one that will pass on some of that knowledge to you.

5. Be wary of mass initiations. For some initiations/ceremonies, it is understandable to perhaps have a few people do them at once, this is often done to lower the price. If you have 10 people receiving a ceremony at once, this isn't right. This is not about production line ethics, and it has not place here. My Awofakan was done this way and it was simply wrong. As far as I could gather, 12 people at between 1500 and 2000 a person added up to alot of money to split 3 ways. My Ita was less then 10 minutes and other less then that. Don't do it. Even if there are a few people doing it at once, ask why, ask how it will affect things.

6. Respect. Respect Orisa, respect the Ori you have that no one can take from you and respect your priest.

I'll preface this with a verse from the Odu Obara Oworin
Oro banta a wuwo bi owu
a difa fun aye,
Nijo ti gbogbo omo araye npon owo pe
Kosi ohun miran mo ninu aye ti o tun ni iyi mo rara
won ni awon o ko ohungbogbo sile,
Awon o maa sare mo owo
Orunmila ni eyiti e nro niti owo beeni
Ati eyiti e nro niti owo beeko si
Ifa l'a ba maa ye
Ogbon l'a ba ma ye
Awon l'a ba bu iyin fun
Agbeniga laa pe owo; abiwaje l'aa pe owo
Eniti ba feran owo l'afeju, iwa re a baje
Iwa rere ni oso eniyan
Bi e ni owo l'owo ko wipe ki e ma di afoju
Ko wipe ki e ma di ashiwere
Ko wipe ki e ma di aro
Ko wipe ki e ma di olokunrin ati beebee
Abuku ara gbogbo le de ba yin
Ki e tun ero gba
Ki e mu iwa rere
Ki e mu ogbon
Ki e wa rubo
Ki ara le ro nyin tinutode

Translated:
Heavy words have the weight of an anvil
This was the teaching of Ifa to the world
At a time when all the people of the world were overpraising money saying:
There is nothing else in the world that is more respected then money
They said they would give up everything
And they would continuously run after money
Orunmila said: what you think about money is so
And what you think about money is also not so
It is the teachings of Ifa we should honor
It is these we should regard highly
It is said money is a raiser of status and a corruptor of character
A person who loves money excessively, his character will be ruined
Good character is the finest beauty of a person
Even if you have money, it does not mean you will not become blind
It does not mean you will not go mad
It does not mean you will not become lane
It does not mean you will not become ill and the like
You still can become disabled in any part of your body
Therefore you should go and get more wisdom so that you may think deeply about things
You should cultivate good character
You should acquire wisdom
And you should come and sacrifice so that you may be at ease inside and out.

The data:

QUESTIONNAIRE
a. Orisha made
b. year made
c. geographic location of ceremony (city, state, country)
d. cost of ceremony (ie, what your godparent/oluwo/etc charged)
e. What this cost included
f. related costs (clothes/other misc. items not included in the original cost)
g. special circumstances
h. Orisha sect (ie lucumi, candomble, palo, Ifa/lucumi, Ifa/traditional, Orisha traditional, Egbe, Ogboni)
i. Were there other ceremonies that you can recall the cost of? If so, what was that cost/what was the ceremony/what was the year and location?

Politics and religion, my view

2007-05-03T14:16:00.001+02:00

I recently had a conversation with someone about politics and religion and the following statement I made covers it quite well:

Politics and religion are identical twins separated at birth . . . in growing up apart their belief systems may be different but they have the same DNA. - marcos Ifalola sanchez

Money and spiritual services, what's right?

2007-04-26T17:20:00.000+02:00

I recently posted on several yahoo groups and to colleagues and friends asking the question: how much did you pay for your initiation? The goal was not to be nosy, not to figure out how to set my rates. I wasn't trying to get into peoples personal business, and it wasn't even an attempt to push prices up or down. It was meant to gather data so that people can see what services cost, in order to have a barometer or bell weather of sorts. The response was depressingly low. I'm not sure why though I can speculate on all sorts of reasons, but that's not the point of this article.

I hope to publish the few numbers I do have, but in the meantime I want to be crystal clear about a few things:

**Every circumstance is different, and I'm not suggesting standardized pricing.

**I'm not suggesting that priests are only allowed to earn a specific amount of money.

**This should not be taken as license for people to begin "window shopping" for prices. Make a good decision about a godparent/mentor/Oluwo, and this article will likely not be important to you other then as a reference on ethics.

**Priests have varying knowledge, and a highly trained, highly skilled, learned, ethical priest is truly priceless and rare. As with anything, demand can drive prices up and while a priest must perform works of charity, he/she should also earn a living.

Eji-Obge tells us:

A o t'okun dokun
ka too ri winni-winni agbe
A o tosa dosa
Ka too ri doodo orun Aluko
A baa t'okun dokun
Ki a tosa dosa
Ka too ri oloooto Awo
Odi Ile-Ifa Akelubeke
Dia fun Igbin
O n'sawo lo sode Ileyo
O wa mekun sekun igbe
O mohun seyere aro
O ni: Eniyan an won o
Eniyan an soro
Ka too ri olooto Awo
Ona a jin

Translation:
We shall travel from ocean to ocean
Before we can see the tiny specie of the Blue Touraco
We shall wind from river to river
Before we can see the specie of Maroon Touraco with goiter on their necks
Whether we travel from ocean to ocean
and from there wend river to river
Before we can find a truthful Babalawo
We shall reach Ile-Ife Akelubebe
That is the declaration of the oracle of Igbin (snail)
When going to Ileyo town to practice Ifa
He made his weeping a shouting lamentation
He made his song a dirge of lamentation
He said: Human beings (truthful ones) are scarce
Human beings are difficult
Before we can find a truthful Babalawo
We shall travel far

**Geography changes the costs of things. You must always remember, it's your responsibility to pay a fair wage, and help support priests in third world countries. Low-balling or negotiating low rates simply because you can or because they live in poverty-stricken areas is not excusable. This means You are not acting ethically.

That all said, this discussion can't go anywhere without talking about my favorite line, "my Ashe is priceless" or "how can you put a price on my Ashe". The implication is that they are the owner of Ashe and the only one who could dole it out (which actually lies in the realm of Esu Odara and the Odu Ose Tura). This kind of pride and arrogance is what gives the religion a bad name. Certainly, the ceremony offers us priceless rewards and guidance, but that does not mean that only that priest could have performed it, or helped you in your quest, that's simply arrogance. As a side note, Ashe (or Ase) is the unseen force/power that makes things come to life, it is also the exclamation "May it be so".

We are all born with Ori, and Orisha, we are also all born with Ashe, no one can take it away, and no one can simply "give" it to us. Through the process of initiation, we can awaken the Ashe in our Ori/Eleda and make the connection between our Ori and the Divine (Olodumare). This is no doubt accomplished with the help of priests using their Ashe and knowledge to perform ritual, sacrifice and prayer. And, they should no doubt be compensated for that service. But, Iwori Wowo (Iwori Ose) reminds us that money should not be our end goal, but only a "thing" we use to fulfill our needs.

Iwori Wowo-wowo
Iwori wokun-wokun
Iwori wokun tan o too wo'de o
Dia fun Eni Ileele
Nje eni i leele
Ti won o nii teni fun lailai
Ni oruko ti aa pe ow

Translated

Iwori looks at money
Iwori looks at okun beads
Iwori look at okun beads first, before you look at brass ornaments
These were the declarations of Ifa to a person on the bare floor
Who does not deserve being honored with a mat
The person on the floor who must never be given a mat
Is the name given to money

In this odu, ifa tells us to first look at Okun beads (beads worn by Obas (kings) and Ijoye (chiefs) symbolizing royalty/authority, in this case the authority of Ifa, before we focus on the brass ornaments (a bauble that can be bought with money). Ifa says that a person (money) is not to be honored as equal to a human by being given a mat to sit on. Money, is not of the same worth as people.

So what is the solution?

The process of payment for spiritual services needs to be transparent.

If a client says that they want to know why this costs XXX, then it is the ethical responsibility of the priest to give them a breakdown. The reason the process needs to be transparent is that Ifa teaches us that as priests and as people we need to be truthful. Not telling people costs, not telling people what they are paying for, not being clear is the same as not being truthful (we need to tell the whole truth). In Oruta rera (Otura Ogunda) Ifa says:

Eke o kun ni
Ika o kun mo eniyan
Bi eke ba n yolee da
Ohun werewere abenu a mas yo wo ni sise
dia fun sagbagiriyan
Tii se baale asotito
Nje sotito sododo
Eni to sotito
Ni mole n gbe

Translation:
Dishonesty does not pay anyone
Wickedness is beneficial to none
When a dishonest person lots his treachery
His conscience pricks him persistently
These were the declarations of Ifa to Sagbagiriyan
Who was the head of the honest people
Pray, be honest, be truthful
Those who are honest
The deity supports

Once you have told someone what you will charge and why, then they can openly and fully make an informed decision. If you have nothing to hide and believe that your compensation is fair, then you should have no shame or hesitation in letting someone know how much something will cost. Will it shock people? Perhaps sometimes . . . But the flipside is the client needs to understand many variables. As priests we spend years training. A good knowledgeable priests will spend as many years as a doctor training and learning, and it never ends. If we truly believe that our spirit is important, then we would not want to trust a laymen with our spiritual needs. I'm not saying a priest necessarily needs to make as much as a doctor, but why not if that priest has dedicated their life to service, and helps not only those with money, but those in need too.

Ogbo Ate says:

Omo boo kofa, o kofa
Omo boo teru, o teru
Odomode to kofa
To lohun o nii fi sin agbalagba
Ko nii ri Ifa ibule ko
Dia fun akiri-tojule
Eyi tii se aremo Okanjuwa
Emi o pe ng o pin wo o
Ifa ni e ko mi o
Bi ng o ba tete ku
Ma la se maa lowo

Translation
Child, if you want to study Ifa, do so
Child, if you want to fight over Ifa proceeds, do so
A child who studies Ifa
Who declares that he will not serve elders with his knowledge
He will not learn the Ifa which distinguishes a Babalawo among the crowd
These were the declarations of Ifa to Akiri-tojule (he who moves from one house to the other)
Who is the first child of avarice
I am not after the proceeds from Ifa
Please teach me useful Ifa
If I do not die young
I will be successful, surely I will be wealthy

This not only tells us the Awo who is truly after knowledge of Ifa will be taken care of. It also, very importantly, warns us against moving from house to house (assuming we made a good choice in our house to begin with). By working with our elders, either as priest or as lay-person, we can learn Ifa and become wealthy (not just monetarily).

I would like to close this with an Ese from the Odu Eji-Ogbe:

K'a má fi kánjú j'aiyé.
K'a má fi wàrà-wàrà n'okùn orò.
Ohun à bâ if s'àgbà,
K'a má if se'binu.
Bi a bá de'bi t'o tútù,
K'a simi-simi,
K'a wò'wajú ojo lo titi;
K'a tun bò wá r'èhìn oràn wo;
Nitori àti sùn ara eni ni.

Let us not engage the world hurriedly
Let us not grasp at the rope of wealth impatiently
That which should be treated with mature judgment
Let us not deal with in a state of anger
When we arrive at a cool place
Let us rest fully
Let us give continuous attention to the future
and let us give deep consideration to the consequences of things
And this because of our (eventual) passing

Ase ooo
Ifalola

On finding a godparent/spiritual mentor/Oluwo/Olorisha their role and yours.

2007-04-10T23:17:00.001+02:00

This is of course one of the most important topics that one can tackle in their spiritual quest: who is my mentor and how do I pick them? It is also one of the least talked about in the Orisha tradition.

If you ask someone the role of a spirtual guide/mentor/Oluwo you'll probably get slightly different answers from each person you ask. While an extremely important decision, if you were not raised in the Orisha tradition or in a particular house (and even then), it can be very difficult to understand what your responsibilities are, as well as those of your prospective priest.

When people have asked me this question in the past, one of the most important things I say is, remember that there is no need to rush, all things in their due time. Choosing a spiritual guide should be as important a decision as whether or not you ask someone to marry you. In fact, spiritually speaking in a way, they will play almost as important a role in your life, one that may outlast a marriage and one that is important for you in sickness as well as health. The person who assumes this role will be there to interpret what the Orishas have to say to you, which is no small task, and potentially can mean literally putting your life into their hands.

That said, priests are, at the end of the day, just people, not perfect and can make mistakes. But, it is up to you to demand that they are held to a higher standard, as they themselves should also do. Becoming a priest is a big responsibility, and having a congregation/"godchildren" whatever you call it, is equally a large responsibility.

Practically speaking, when choosing a priest to become your guide, it's important to understand a few key things:

1. Are they truly initiated? seems like an obvious question, but one often not asked. While some folks may be offended, they shouldn't be, you don't know them, they don't know you. You can ask what their lineage is, who initiated them etc. We often do more research when purchasing a TV or microwave, so why then, with something so important as our spirituality, do we often ask little to no questions about our prospective Orisha priest??? Ask for references (though this might get you a few stares) or ask who their godparents were, make sure you're dealing with someone who can be verified. We all have several priests in our initiations specifically so we can be verified.

2. What Orisha tradition do they practice? There are many such as: Ifa (traditional African and Lucumi), santeria/lucumi/regla de Ocha, Traditional African Orisha worship, Egungun, Ogboni, Egbe, Candomble Nago/Ketu/Angola, Palo Monte/Mayombe, Vodun, Obeah . . . and the list goes on. You need to ask what your godparent practices, often people are initiated into multiple traditions and especially in the diaspora, people practice religions that are totally separate. Is this what you want to do? Do you feel comfortable with someone who is practicing more then one? What are the practicalities? What if they want you to initiate into something other then the tradition you originally came to see them about? These are very important questions that people simply don't ask themselves.

3. What is their standing in the community? Do they have many godchildren? Just like looking for a job, we might ask what the company is like to work for, or if it's legitimate, why don't we do the same for something so important as our spiritual leader? You should feel free to ask around the community and see what kind of standing the person has. Talk to other people who follow this orisha priest and see what their experience is like. Are they overbearing or rude? do they demand alot of time from their followers? do they teach their followers or do they simply expect them to be quiet and watch and learn? Are they lax? Are they learned/scholarly? Do they have a big ego?

Of course be careful, politics and power struggles can sometimes taint what you hear about someone, but if you ask around enough, you're likely to be able to figure out which opinions are tainted, and which are true. Remember, just because someone is initiated as a priest/ess it DOES NOT mean that they are therefore a good person. More importantly, it doesn't mean they're a good teacher. If you truly are interested in learning about the tradition, you need to find out if the person you pick will actually train you. Some priests are great people, great diviners, but can't teach to save their lives. Think about what you want your relationship to be like and ask these questions, it'll help save you tons of grief and switching in and out of different houses constantly. And be careful of priests who "collect" godchildren. In other words, they have a lot of godchildren, but don't really spend any quality time with any of them.

These are of course sensitive topics, but important ones nonetheless.

4. Priest factories. Not everyone who practices this religion is destined to be a priest. Even if you have the Odu, it's always important to DIRECTLY ask the question of the Orisha or Ifa through a reading (ie, do you XXX Orisha want me to initiate as a priest). This avoids any misunderstanding and allows the person to go forward with a confidence beyond someone just telling you so. It's your right to ask, and don't let any priest tell you otherwise (but also be prepared if the Orisha says yes!).

Being a layperson, you are not aware of what the caracoles/dinlogun or Ikin are actually saying, nor what the Odu is. It is of course a matter of trust, but when in doubt ask. Even if you want as badly as anything to become a priest/ess, ask anyways, the Orisha can see more then we can, and them saying no is not the end of the world, and it may help you avoid a cataclysmic decision. Personally, I would be wary of a priest that has initiated inordinant amounts of priests, while there is no specific ratio, every follower they have being a priest is a sign that something is amiss. Also, see if the other priests in their Ile (house) are trained and knowledgeable, or are simply laypeople who have gone through initiations.

Remember, anyone can buy an initiation, few people become true priests/theologians.

5. Money machines. Everything costs, we sacrifice all the time. Reading this article is a sacrifice of your time and an Ebo of sorts. Priests are sometimes "full-time" and this is their only source of income, they are sometimes part timers like me with regular jobs. Whichever they are, while it's important to compensate for their valuable time/expertise, it's also important to know when you're being taken to the cleaners.

You shouldn't need to do pricey ebos every month, you shouldn't be hit up for expensive initiations constantly, you shouldn't pay for a reading that lasts 10 minutes, barely hear them talk, then be told you need to pay XXX exorbitant amount for this ebo that you have to do. What's right to charge? what's right to do? Well of course that's hard, but talk to others in your tradition, ask questions. You are, after all, a consumer, act as such. While you can't put a price on religion/time/sacrifice, you can understand when someone's taking advantage of you.

This of course also leads to the question of what should things cost? Well, this is a tough one. What might cost $3,000 in Cuba costs $8,000 in NY and $10,000 in San Francisco. It is of course not typically correct protocol for someone to ask why the price is what it is, and often you get a nasty stare, or a "because I say it is" or a "my Ashe is invaluable" answer, but if the person has nothing to hide, they will tell you where your money is going. Nothing should cost $35,000, that is outrageous (yes I've heard people being asked that much money for initiations). If the person says the Orisha told them that amount in divination, perhaps they did, and perhaps they did so that you would know NOT to go to this person.

These things are expensive, I've seen it, don't underestimate the immensity of it, but do not let your socks be taken out from under your shoes. If more people ask for an accounting, this process will become more decent and there will be more checks and balances. A competent priest should be able to at least give you ball park figures of what things cost.

This isn't to say you should start "shopping around", that's simply the wrong attitude and will get you nowhere fast (except left by your godparent), but do be responsible and understand where you hard earned money is going. You can't put a price on initiation, but the Orisha didn't create you to be a fool either.

Now this all leads to the duties section . . .

As a godchild I think your duties to your godparent/priest/mentor mimic those of one decent human being to another.

Be humble
Be honest
Be helpful
Be kind
Be available to help with ceremonies, this is your responsibility and will sometimes entail hard work (but do not be a slave)
Helping your godparent/priest/mentor with personal issues is up to your discretion but not "required"
Helping your godparent/priest/mentor with personal finance issues is NOT "required" nor is it really considered appropriate
Accept direction, accept advice, accept that you may not be allowed to know everything, but do expect to be treated as a human
Priests are not Orisha, do not treat them as such, nor should you let them act as such
Do not allow yourself to be belittled, trampled on, or mistreated
Do not allow yourself to taken advantage of or manipulated
Do not ever be lead to believe that a sexual act is a part of ANY religious ceremonies
Do not forget you have rights
Most important . . . Be aware

As a priest, we have duties mandated by Odu. There are many Odu that talk of this, but one broad one on the conduct of an Awo Ifa is told in the Odu Iwori Meji:

Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Bi o ba te Ita tan
Ki o tun iye e re te
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi eja igba gun ope
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi aimowe wo odo
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi ibinu yo obe
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma ji kanjukanju jaye
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma fi warawara mkun ola
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, maseke, sodale
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma puro jaye
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma se igberaga si agba
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma so ireti nu
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, ma san bante Awo
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni
Awo, bi o ba tefa tan
Ki o tun iye e re te o
Iwori teju mo ohun ti nse ni

English
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
If you undergo Ifa initiation (Itelodu)
Endeavor to use your wisdom and intelligence
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not use a broken rope to climb a palm-tree
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do no enter into the river without knowing how to swim
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not draw a knife in anger
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not be in haste to enjoy your life
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not be in a hurry to acquire wealth
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not lie, do not be treacherous
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not deceive in order to enjoy your life
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not be arrogant to elders
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not lose hope
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, do not make love to your colleague's spouse
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you
Awo, when you have been given Ifa initiation
Initiate yourself again by using your wisdom and intelligence
Iwori take a critical look at what affects you

Remember that we, as priests should be held to a higher standard.
We should demand it of ourselves, you should demand it of us.
But also remember that we, as priests, are still only humans, and help us when we are weak, or have lost our way, as we should help you.

O gbo ato isuri ti Iwori Wofun!

May you have long life with the blessing of the holy odu Iwori Wofun!

Ase O!!!!!

Marcos Ifalola Sanchez

Differences between Traditional Orisha worship and the Lucumi denomination

2007-04-03T10:33:00.000+02:00

Recently the question was posed, how should view the differences between Tradtional African Orisha worship and the Lucumi? To which I answer:

Having been a practitioner in both traditions, and now an Ifa priest, the first thing to note for those that seek to understand the Lucumi is that catholicism is not as "mixed"/syncretized as some people (including santeria priests) would lead you to believe. In reality, there's nothing catholic in the actual "ceremonies" and though people speak spanish, the ceremonies are conducted using prayers, songs and call/response in a mixed dialect of Yoruba. You will never hear anything catholic in the initiation of a priest other then a side comment occasionally which doesn't have to do with the actual ceremony. Mostly this occurs when an Olorisha (santero/a) may make reference to an Orisha in a personal conversation using a catholics saint's name.

The catholic "veneer" washes away very quickly once you become initiated. In fact one of the biggest fallacies espoused by many is that there is a real syncretism, when in reality it's only surface level. I participated in at least 12 initiations of priests in a traditional Lucumi house before passing to Ifa, and not once did I ever hear anything catholic (the same goes for the dozens of other ceremonies I participated in, like Olokun, ibeji, "guerreros" etc). One exception is that an Oriate in the Ita of the Iyawo (newly initiated priest) will sometimes when interpreting Odu, make reference to catholic things that are "born" in a certain odu. As odd as this sounds, in a deeper analysis, it's not exactly incorrect or out line with Yoruba thinking.

The Lucumi system of Dillogun (caracoles) divination varies from the traditional method. As I've spoken about before, the traditional method would be to throw the cowrie shells only once, and chant the odu that appears, with only 17 possibilities (though there are many Ese odu). The Lucumi, whether for survival or political reasons, adapted this to the system of Ifa, creating 256 different possible combination (by throwing 16 cowries twice) mimicking the 256 Odu Ifa. This is important because by definition, within Odu Ifa is housed all the knowledge of the world past, present and future, and so it's not necessarily strange to believe that events from other traditions/religions would have a place within Odu Ifa.

Another exception to note, is the "misa" which occurs before the Kariosha (priest initiation), however it's important to note that this is NOT an Orisha practice. The misa is considered an "espiritismo" practice, which is essentially a replacement for Egun rites. Espiritismo is a whole different tradition and does in fact syncretize Catholicism, Kardecian mediumship (Alan Kardec), and Yoruba culture (by virtue of spirits that are Yoruba and often practitioners of Orisha traditions) and may be where the confusion lies. This one practice often leads people to think that the Lucumi as a whole more deeply syncretize Catholicism then they in fact do.

In order to place the Lucumi and Traditional Orisha worshippers within a wider context and understand how they relate, we have to look at a definition of the religion. I believe that Orisha worship as a whole, is a belief system of the Yoruba people (and tribes they conquered) originating in western Africa (note I am not going to get into whether it has Egyptian roots as some espouse as for our purposes that is not necessary). There is one "God", Olodumare, who created all that we know and don't know. Olodumare also created the Irunmole amongst which were the Orisha, divine beings who inhabit the universe.

Humans interact with the divine, in order to understand their purpose in life and affect the world around them. To do this, they created priesthoods in order to supplicate various Orisha. Amongst these priesthoods, several Orisha became prominent for one reason or another, and amongst these was Ifa, Orisha of knowledge and divination.

During the trans-atlantic passage of slaves to the carribean, priests, as well as regular people were sold by African Kings to Europeans. As the slaves were brought over they established their religion, mostly in secret. But as a child grows up unique to their parents once they are out of the house, the religion which is now commonly referred to as Santeria or Lucumi changed an morphed, for both survival (obi kola nut becoming obi the coconut) as well as political reasons (the invention of the "pinaldo" or knife ceremony, the reception of 6 Orishas simulatneously). Thus becoming a sect or denomination of the Orisha tradition (as did Candomble Nago and Ketu in Brazil, and Culto de Shango in Trinidad, etc). I specifically use this language not to downplay or denegrate the Lucumi/Santeria tradition, but to point out that it's roots/origin are with the Yoruba of western Nigeria, and it is a younger and newer interpretation of Orisha worship.

So the lucumi denomination due to geographic, cultural and historical differences has re-interpreted the traditional African system. Within both the Traditional African and the lucumi denominations, there is a group of Ifa worshippers/priests, who also re-interpreted (though to a significantly lesser extent) the african system of Ifa (there are many more similarities then in other Orisha priesthoods).

In many ways you can think of it as the difference between Orthodox Judaism and Reform Judaism or Catholic and Protestant. Their doctrines, liturgies, rituals etc have differences and are interpreted differently, even though they both base it on the same principles/ideas/concepts.

Odabo,
Ifalola

Ifa in the diaspora, why the rejection?

2007-03-25T22:34:00.000+02:00

I have heard the cries to reject Ifa asking, what need do we have for Ifa?

I have seen priest and practitioner turn their backs to Ifa claiming Babalawos are trying to usurp or their power or replace them.

I have felt the contempt from those who are ignorant of Ifa's role.

I have tasted the fear that comes from those in power, afraid of losing that power.

I have smelled the stench of distrust sowing it's weeds amongst the children of Orisha.

I have a role to play.

To pass Ifa to the new generations and to not let it fall to the wayside.

I do not claim that Ifa is better or more powerful then other Orisha, but I ask those in the diaspora, where did the currently system of Dillogun divination come from? It is Ifa. In africa, cowrie shell divination of the Orisha was and is still done with one throw. The double throw was a creation of the trans-atlantic passage, perhaps to maintain Ifa until there were more trained Babalawos present to work it. Perhaps it was a political change created to change the power balance. Either way, without Ifa, the current system would not exist.

In Ogunda Ose, Ifa tells us:

E baa lo loo lo bi olo
E baa re ree re bi ere
Ibi ti e ti lo naa
Le o pada si
Dia fun Ojola
Omo Ere L'apa
E ma ma paa o
Eran ab'ohun ni o
e ye e ma p'Ojola
Omo Ere L'apa
Ifa ni Isheshe lo amm leke
Isheshe lo maa gbeniyan

No matter how far you wander like the grindstone
No matter how far you wind like the boa constrictor
It is your starting point
to which you shall all return
These were the declarations of Ifa to the royal python
the offspring of the boa constrictor of Apa town
Pray, do not slay it
Do not slay the royal python
The offspring of the boa constrictor of Apa town
Ifa says Isheshe (our ancestors that represent traditionalism) will prevail
Isheshe will allow mankind to prevail.
-----------

So how then, could we even suggest that Ifa is trying to take over something that it created to begin with? If nothing else, it seems to me that quite the opposite is happening, that in the Diaspora an adaption of the system of Ifa occured (though most practitioners don't realize this), and now Orisha priests claim to be its owner. Is this not in fact a hegemony of practitioners in the Diaspora over Ifa and not the reverse that many claim? I've heard Oriate, Italeros, diviners (male and female) tell priests training to divine to study Ifa, and in the same breath say Babalawos are trying to take over the faith and assert power over them. Is that right?

If anything, this has upset the balance. Ifa's role is divination, Ifa's role as Eleri Ipin is to help clarify our paths. Ifa can not directly affect things like the other Orisha, but needs to work in conjunction with other Orisha to affect the future to the benefit of the Orisha devotee.

Ifa can, should, and will work with all Orisha devotees to maintain the balance. We must stop the bickering and politics and understand how to regain the balance in order to retain the harmony that will lead us all down our true path.

Ruling or "guardian" Orisha, how is it determined?

2007-03-05T12:47:00.000+01:00

Aboru aboye aboshishe,

Clearly this is a difficult question. Let me first note that there is a difference in how initiations work (in Trad Yoruba, you receive you guardian or ruling Orisa and Esu only, in lucumi, you receive 6 or more all at once, simply an adaptation for survival that occured after the middle passage). This has been a long running issue in the Orisha community in the diaspora. In the absence of a patrilineal or familial link, how can one determine which Orisha rules their Ori?

The answer is, as often is the case in traditional african practice, that there is more then one way. In general, it is accepted that when a child does their Esentaye through Ifa, this will be determined and the child will know their path in life. In the absence of Esentaye, as many either come to the practice later in life, are not Yoruba, or do not come from a family which practices Orisha worship, one can consult a Babalawo or as called in the Lucumi system have a "Plante" with 3 Babalawos.

The Logic here is that as Eleri Ipin (witness to creation), Orunmila is present as our Ori chooses it's path/destiny at the foot of Olodumare. As the only Orisha with direct access to Odu (in which is housed all knowledge of the world past, present and future), Orunmila can fully determine what the path an individual chose, as well as what important steps they need to take to achieve that path (which might include Adosu / Kariosha). While Orunmila does not have the direct power to control Lightening, like Shango, or the Wind like Oya, or the Ocean like Yemoja, Orunmila can consult Ifa/Odu to determine what someone must do in order to affect their future. That is Ifa/Orunmila's role.

We can see that Orunmila throughout Ese, Oriki, Iyere, Pataki, acts as the neutral arbiter in many of the arguments that Orisha have amongst themselves. He also acts as their counselor and as such displays his unique role in maintaining the balance in nature and life.

That all said, after conversations with Babalawos and Olorishas in Nigeria, there are other ways in the Traditional practice in which an Orisha can claim someone's head. The most significant of course is possession. When a lay person becomes mounted by an Orisha, there is no clearer sign that the person is not only claimed by that Orisha, but will need to be initiated to the secrets and priesthood of that Orisha. This is also true of the lucumi.

Lastly, it should be noted that while Ifa is considered to be the optimal way to determine a person's ruling Orisha, this can also be done in Traditional and lucumi practice by a competent priest/diviner (Olorisha) of the cowrie shell method. As a rule of thumb though, the first two methods described here are considered to be the optimal ones in determining a person's ruling Orisha.

This of course has ignited a bit of controversy in the diaspora as Olorishas and Babalawos tend to clash and view the process more as a power struggle over who's right, and who has the right, then what's best for the devotee. As a Babalawo, while I am of the opinion that all three methods are legitimate, the first two are the methods I would consider most reliable. As argued earlier, I come to this conclusion because:

a. Orunmila is the diviner who's sole job it is to interpret the Oracle of Ifa and help guide people on their paths to attaining their destiny. Let us be clear, Orunmila is NOT all powerful, and does not himself determine peoples destinies, he can only tell people what is in store, and determine Ebos that a person can do. He does have the secrets and knowledge to get Esu, the Orisha, Iyaami, etc to help him with things, but he himself does not do these things directly.

b. Ifa/Odu contains all the knowledge of the world, past present and future, and as such supercedes other methods of divination. This isn't arrogance, it's simply an acknowledgement that by definition, if you accept Ifa/Orunmila, you accept it is the highest method of divination.

c. Orunmila is the arbiter. He often is consulted to maintain order amongst the Irunmole/Orisha and as such can play a neutral role in decisions.

d. Trance possesion or "mounting" is when the Orisha has decided to manifest directly on earth in the body of a person. That choice by the Orisha means that they have chosen you as their medium and that you belong to their priesthood.

One last note. Unlike the diasporal lucumi practices, in traditional African practice, being mounted by one's Orisha does not preclude them from the Ifa priesthood. I've had extensive discussions with my Oluwo in Nigeria and others, and if Ifa calls you to his priesthood, you must go. There exists in the Lucumi system ceremonies that can be done for someone who has mounted Egun to pass to Ifa, and ensure they aren't mounted again. Once initiated into Ifa, through the rites/rituals that occur, one will no longer be mounted by their Orisha afterwards. I once heard it described as Babalawos are in a constant state of possesion by Orunmila/Ifa which effectively keeps any other possession from occuring.

Also, of interesting note, while in the diaspora, being initiated to one's teutelary Orisha after passing to Ifa can not be done, that is not the case in Nigeria, and one can be initiated to their guardian Orisha after passing through Itefa (initiation as a Babalawo).

The essence of Odu

2007-02-20T21:00:00.000+01:00

When the concept of Odu was first explained to me, I was lead to understand that within Odu lies all the knowledge of the world, past, present and future. Ifa shows us the way to unlock that knowledge and see how it affects our lives. This truth is clearly seen when we go to Ifa for divination. Ifa shows us our past, explains our present, and reveals our future and how we can affect a future outcome. This last portion is why we say Aboru, Aboye, Aboshishe. Translating roughly to, May our ebo arrive in heaven, may our ebo be accepted, may that which we asked for when making ebo come to pass.

As we seek the deeper meaning of Odu, we look to understand the who, why, when and how. We know for instance, that Odu is the female energy within Ifa. It is Odu which joins with the Ikin Ifa to birth its pattern creating one of the 256 combination of Odu. We see this each time a Babalawo invokes Ifa and marks the Odu on the Opon Ifa (or throws the Opele). At that moment, a particular Odu is being born to the Ori of the client that is being consulted. In that moment, that particular Odu has manifest its energy into the life of the client, and rules the client for a given period of time.

If we take this one step further, and examine what is encapsulated within Odu, we might see any given Odu is essentially a story, within which we find a problem and resolution (be it good or bad). Within that story, it is the responsibility of the Babalawo (and the client) to not only interpret the story, but do so in a way that is meaningful to the client. This is done through divine inspiration (during itefa, there are metaphysical changes within the Babalawo in order to allow him to see/interpret Odu and Ifa in ways beyond that of a normal person) and also through the knowledge and wisdom of the studious Awo.

This is truly important to understand because any given story can have multiple interpretations, and any given reading can emphasize different parts of a given story. It is the job of the true Awo Ifa to find the deeper meaning within the meaning. Odu is like an onion with layers of meanings and some on the surface and other deep within.

In this way Odu is timeless, an amorphous mass of knowledge that is interpreted and re-interpreted. On the one hand, it holds all the knowledge of the past present and future, on the other, we realize it does this because past, present and future are one. For Odu, all things exist at all time simultaneously, past, present and future collapse into a body of knowledge that is constantly birthing and constantly dying. Odu is in fact the singularity from which our universe is born.

Old post an analysis of Obi

2007-01-26T23:20:00.000+01:00

Aboru Aboye Aboshishe,

I'm in the midst of learning a new way of throwing Obi (the kola nut) but I recently had an exchange on another board which I now no longer post to, where a priestess actually unprovoked, wished "Okana" on me because she didn't agree with my views. She did so, because I suggested it was ironic that in a previous post, she started with "alaafia" which means peace, before writing a very negative post. Since she didn't understand yoruba, she figured the opposite of alaafia was Okana instead of saying Ibi or (osogbo for the lucumi) or some such thing.

I'm thankful to her, because it got me thinking about what Okana meant and where it came from. I used to think simply that it came from the yoruba word Okan, meaning one, for the one white side showing, but as I started to study Ifa, realized that was not the total picture. Okana, is actually a modification of the Ifa odu Okanran. In the diloggun system, Okana is 1. Now the reason I believe this comes from Ifa is that in Ifa, even though Babalawos never read only one leg of a "letra" like the santeros/olorishas, they read two legs, the way you mark Okanran as an odu is:

II
II
II
I

as in three pieces brown and one white. (of course to be fair, if it's marked the opposite direction, it's obara) What's more interesting is you'll often see this also called Okanasode, which all Babalawos will recognize as the Odu Okanrans'ode or the alias for the Odu Okanrana - ogbe. Now, okanran ogbe is actually marked thus:

I II
I II
I II
I I

and has it's own stories associated with it, which aren't all bad. Though in the lucumi system, there is a story of Okanran obge which talks about a child with large ears and long story short, the motion made by the Babalawo is to cover ones ears, which some of the older Olorishas will say is something you do when this is cast in Obi.

I have always had thoughts on the other names as well:

Alaafia = peace (in Yoruba) matching the peacefullness and coolness of all white side of Obi upwards. The corresponding odu in Ifa would be Ogbe.

Etawa = I've always pronouned it with an e (dot underneath) where Eta means three in yoruba (3 white sides are up), and wa with the accent down on the a means "to exist" so, three exist. Ita, with an I, is third day, which in Fama's dictionary she also notes is third day divination as in Ita Ifa or Ita Osha.

Ejiife = this is a harder one, it corresponds to no odu but can be broken down eji-two and ife can mean love or the holy city of Ife. It's possible it could mean the love created by two, signifying the balance of light and dark, or the literal love created by two, signifying man and woman, as the Yoruba are very centered around the family and marriage with man and woman, the two opposites, creating a whole.

Oyekun - Odu Oyekun meji, which if you look at only one leg of how it's marked in Ifa is:

II
II
II
II

or equivalent to all faced down, which is fairly self explanatory in the sense that you can physically see the resemblance. As an odu, Oyekun Meji is not all negative, but it is the Odu in which Iku was introduced to the world, and as such I can see the negative interpretation.

O dabo
Ifalola

Ifa yesterday, Ifa today, Ifa tomorrow

Contemplation on the Odu Ogunda Ofun

Contemplations on the Odu Okanran Meji

That which is seen by the eyes, is not always as it appears, but when viewed with an open heart, form takes shape . When we try and see the world for what it is, we often look but do not see. All actions and all people serve a purpose, even if it is not easily seen. -- marcos ifalola

Contemplation on the Odu Irosun Meji

Contemplation on the Odu Oshe Otura

Contemplation on the Odu Irosun Meji

Contemplation on the Odu Iwori Ofun ( Iwori Wofun )

Further contemplations on the Odu Osa Meji

Further contemplation on the Odu Ofun Meji

Treatise on the role of Orisa priest and devotee in consulting Orisa Oracles

Contemplation on the essence of D'afa and Ifa's role in life

Contemplations on the Odu Osa Ogunda

Contemplations on the responsibility of Ifa

Contemplations on the Odu Okanran Ogbe

Contemplations on the Odu Ogbe Irete ( Ogbe ate )

Contemplation on Osa Meji

Contemplations on the Odu Iwori Ogunda ( Iwori Aweda ) part III

Contemplations on the Odu Obara Meji

Contemplations on the Odu Osa Ogunda

Contemplations on the Odu Ogbe Ogunda (Ogbe Yonu)

Contemplation on the Odu Ogunda Meji

Contemplations on Irete Ogbe (Irete untelu)

Further contemplations on Odu Iwori Ogunda (iwori aweda)

When playing cat and mouse, it is best to not be either the cat or the mouse, but instead the person behind them sprinkling cat nip...

Contemplations on Iwori Ogunda

YTR Ifa does NOT believe in "reinitiations", thoughts on Oba accord of miami ...

Is Pinaldo (cuchillo) necessary?? A question of lucumi theology...

NJ Child Endagerment and Santeria/Palo case

Contemplations on Ifa ritual, Ofun Meji and Oriki to Yemonja

Isese (Isheshe) 2008 festival and interviews

Heretical treatise on hierarchy within the Orisa priesthood

Iyanifa, an Ode Remo perspective...

Letra del Año / Odun Ifa what and why?

Contemplation, meditation and the Ifa in our everyday lives...

Oriki Ori

Does d'afa (Ifa divination) lie?

The path of initiation in Ifa: Lucumi and Traditional Yoruba

Esu, guerreros and the nature of "caminos" of the Orisa

On having the right Odu for the priesthood

Oriki Orunmila

Isomoloruko - Yoruba naming ceremony

Discourse on Ifa Symbology and Meaning III: The markings of Odu Ifa.

Ifa is enlightenment

Character and sacrifice

Thoughts on Osun in Trad. Yoruba and Lucumi practice

Taking the "I" out of Ori ...

"Stealing" godchildren, loyalty and other claims...

Discourse on Ifa Symbology and Meaning II: Place of Ori in Ifa Divination

Vengance shall be mine . . . righteous living.

To Give . . .

On being Awo Ifa

Further thoughts on Odu Ifa and cultural relativism

Treatise on Ebori and Ori: Feeding your Soul

The ever expanding corpus of wisdom we call Ifa

Sacred Odu Ifa texts and rituals, what is our responsibility?

Discourse on meaning and symbology in the Ifa Divination System

Odu Ifa and cultural relativism

Who receives Ebo? What happens?

who's on first, what's on second . . . Which Orisa is most important?

Power and the priesthood

Recommended reading for adherents and Awos

Ifa and homosexuality

On Titles ...

Further thoughts on prayers

Ceremonies costs, updated with more numbers

Prayer and the Orisha faith . . .

The raw data on initiation/ceremony costs

Politics and religion, my view

Money and spiritual services, what's right?

On finding a godparent/spiritual mentor/Oluwo/Olorisha their role and yours.

Differences between Traditional Orisha worship and the Lucumi denomination

Ifa in the diaspora, why the rejection?

Ruling or "guardian" Orisha, how is it determined?

The essence of Odu

Old post an analysis of Obi